Methods are provided for generating or recovering gaseous materials such as hydrogen and solids such as metals through the smoldering combustion of an organic material. The methods include admixing a porous matrix material with an organic material, and, in some embodiments a catalyst, to produce a porous mixture. The mixture is exposed to an oxidant, initiating a self-sustaining smoldering combustion of the mixture, and collecting the vapors and combustion products or processing the porous matrix following combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing inorganic materials of value. Additional embodiments aggregate the organic material or catalyst or porous matrix material or mixture thereof in an impoundment such as a reaction vessel, lagoon or matrix pile. Further embodiments utilize at least one heater to initiate combustion and at least one air supply port to supply oxidant to initiate and maintain combustion.

The invention relates to a unit for the purification of a gas flow comprising CO and at least 45% CO2 and a method of operating said unit. In one embodiment, said unit contains a first compressor, a heat exchanger configured to cool the compressed gas flow, a separation chamber configured to separate head gas produced in the heat exchanger, a heater disposed on the line of the head gas originating from the separation chamber, a catalytic oxidation unit for oxidizing the compressed CO in the gas flow originating from the heater, and turbines placed downstream of the catalytic oxidation unit.

The invention relates to a unit for the purification of a gas flow comprising CO and at least 45% CO2 and a method of operating said unit. In one embodiment, said unit contains a first compressor, a heat exchanger configured to cool the compressed gas flow, a separation chamber configured to separate head gas produced in the heat exchanger, a heater disposed on the line of the head gas originating from the separation chamber, a catalytic oxidation unit for oxidizing the compressed CO in the gas flow originating from the heater, and turbines placed downstream of the catalytic oxidation unit.

A process for cleaning process gas removes sulfur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) to produce a tail gas substantially free of these pollutants. The process oxidizes and absorbs SOx and NOx for storage as liquid acids. In some embodiments a PM removal stage and/or a SOx removal stage are provided in a close-coupled higher-pressure environment upstream from a turbocharger turbine. The process has example application in cleaning exhaust gases from industrial processes and large diesel engines such as ship engines.

Systems are provided for an exhaust gas aftertreatment device, in particular in a motor vehicle, having a catalyst accommodated in a housing which, along its length, has a first end section, a catalyst section, and a connecting section. The housing further comprising a particulate filter located downstream of the catalyst.

Emissions control assemblies including substrates defining a plurality of channels that are configured to receive engine exhaust passing through the substrates, and heating elements configured to heat the substrates.

An engine exhaust treatment apparatus, which suppresses thermal damage to an electrothermal ignition apparatus, includes: an exhaust passage; an oxidation catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage; a combustible gas generator; a combustible gas supplying passage; a heat dissipation port opened upstream in the exhaust passage from the oxidation catalyst and in a downstream part of the combustible gas supplying passage, the exhaust passage and the combustible gas supplying passage communicating with each other through the heat dissipation port; and an electrothermal ignition apparatus disposed in the combustible gas supplying passage. Heat of flaming combustion of the combustible gas ignited by the electrothermal ignition apparatus is supplied to the exhaust passage, to raise the temperature of exhaust in the exhaust passage. A heat dissipation plate is attached to an outer projecting portion of the electrothermal ignition apparatus. The outer projecting portion projects outside a wall of the exhaust treatment apparatus.

An engine exhaust treatment apparatus, which suppresses thermal damage to an electrothermal ignition apparatus, includes: an exhaust passage; an oxidation catalyst disposed in the exhaust passage; a combustible gas generator; a combustible gas supplying passage; a heat dissipation port opened upstream in the exhaust passage from the oxidation catalyst and in a downstream part of the combustible gas supplying passage, the exhaust passage and the combustible gas supplying passage communicating with each other through the heat dissipation port; and an electrothermal ignition apparatus disposed in the combustible gas supplying passage. Heat of flaming combustion of the combustible gas ignited by the electrothermal ignition apparatus is supplied to the exhaust passage, to raise the temperature of exhaust in the exhaust passage. A heat dissipation plate is attached to an outer projecting portion of the electrothermal ignition apparatus. The outer projecting portion projects outside a wall of the exhaust treatment apparatus.

The present invention provides a process for continuous treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater and a device for continuous treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater. The process of the present application is that: high-concentration organic wastewater is continuously separated through the synergistic interaction of a multilayer evaporator and a heat pump, and the generated wastewater steam containing light components is continuously subjected to desulfurization and catalytic combustion after being mixed with air in a gaseous form, the treated wastewater can meet discharge standards, and heavy components of the generated wastewater can be recycled. After the desulfurizing agent in a first desulfurizer and the catalyst in a first catalytic combustor are deactivated, the generated wastewater steam containing the light components can be switched to a second desulfurizer and a second catalytic combustor for reaction, and air can be introduced into the deactivated catalyst and desulfurizing agent for in-situ regeneration at a high temperature.

The present invention provides a process for continuous treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater and a device for continuous treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater. The process of the present application is that: high-concentration organic wastewater is continuously separated through the synergistic interaction of a multilayer evaporator and a heat pump, and the generated wastewater steam containing light components is continuously subjected to desulfurization and catalytic combustion after being mixed with air in a gaseous form, the treated wastewater can meet discharge standards, and heavy components of the generated wastewater can be recycled. After the desulfurizing agent in a first desulfurizer and the catalyst in a first catalytic combustor are deactivated, the generated wastewater steam containing the light components can be switched to a second desulfurizer and a second catalytic combustor for reaction, and air can be introduced into the deactivated catalyst and desulfurizing agent for in-situ regeneration at a high temperature.