A heating element for a cooking appliance includes terminals that act as electrically conductive contact points. One or more buses are arranged between the terminals, and connect one or more heating element segments in a zig-zag configuration. The heating element segments are connected in series and are arranged parallel with one another. Each heating element segment includes a plurality of cutouts linked together and having an elliptical shape. The terminals, heating element segments, and buses are a continuous single sheet of conductive material. A method of making the heating element includes forming a pattern into the sheet of conductive material by etching the pattern into the conductive sheet using photolithography.

Systems and methods for educational electronics devices such as may be assembled by non-manufacturer builders, including by personal or hobbyist individuals and by groups such as clubs or classes. Methods and systems relate to Surface Mount Device (SMD) use, measurement systems, communications skill acquisition, physical construction of educational electronics, builder construction/configuration and maintenance of devices, subsystem componentry designed for effective use in educational electronics, circuit designs that permit individual builders to construct professional quality devices, and cognitively adapted methods and systems to optimize learning and performance during and after builder assembly.

Several embodiments include a cooking appliance/instrument (e.g., oven). The cooking appliance/instrument can include a cooking chamber, a support tray adapted to hold food in the cooking chamber; and a heating system comprised of at least a heating element. The heating system is adapted to emit waves according to a particular configuration such that the emitted waves is substantially transparent or substantially opaque to the support tray and thus enabling the cooking instrument to select what to heat.

An oven includes a main body, a cooking compartment provided in the main body and having a front surface thereof is opened, the cooking compartment having an opening, a camera provided above the cooking compartment and configured to capture an inside of the cooking compartment through the opening, a camera cooling fan disposed above the camera and configured to cool the camera by suctioning external air, a first glass provided at the opening of the cooking compartment so that the camera captures the inside of the cooking compartment and configured to block transmission of heat in the cooking compartment to the camera, and a second glass provided between the camera and the first glass and configured to additionally block the transmission of heat to the camera.

Discussed are a surface type heating element which generates heat using electricity and a method of manufacturing the surface type heating element. The surface type heating element includes: a substrate; a buffer layer disposed on the substrate, the buffer layer having a thermal expansion coefficient of about 50*10.sup.7 to about 100)*10.sup.7 m/ C.; and a surface type heating element layer disposed on the buffer layer and including a NiCr alloy, and thus it can be used even at a high operating temperature of about 450 C. or more, suppresses the elution of the material itself, and allows thermal stress caused by a difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between the surface type heating element layer and the substrate to be reduced while having high fracture toughness, a low coefficient of thermal expansion, and heat resistance.

A heating element for a cooking appliance includes terminals that act as electrically conductive contact points. One or more buses are arranged between the terminals, and connect one or more heating element segments in a zig-zag configuration. The heating element segments are connected in series and are arranged parallel with one another. Each heating element segment includes a plurality of cutouts linked together and having an elliptical shape. The terminals, heating element segments, and buses are a continuous single sheet of conductive material. A method of making the heating element includes forming a pattern into the sheet of conductive material by etching the pattern into the conductive sheet using photolithography.

An infrared heating apparatus includes a sheet of ceramic glass having a passband in the infrared spectrum, a metal resistive element having a first portion that is covered by a ceramic refractory material and a second portion that is exposed by the ceramic refractory material, and a controller that controls the metal resistive element to emit infrared radiation in a wavelength corresponding to the passband of the ceramic glass.

A device for storing food products at hot temperature, having an outer housing, an inner housing that is at least partially contained inside the outer housing, and a fan chamber defined within the inner housing, the fan chamber (5) having at least one air inlet and outlet. A fan is located inside the fan chamber, and a heating element is installed in the fan chamber. At least one food tray defines a space for holding the food products therein. A first air flow path for guiding a first air flow is defined from outside of the outer housing to the air inlet of the fan chamber, the first flow path extending between the outer housing and the inner housing, and a second air flow path for guiding a second air flow is defined from the air outlet of the fan chamber to the space inside the at least one food tray, and the heating element is located in the second air flow path.

An oven including a camera disposed above a cooking compartment to clearly capture an inside of the cooking compartment, and having a structure which cools the camera to prevent a temperature of the camera from being increased due to heat generated in the cooking compartment. The oven includes the camera provided above the cooking compartment and configured to capture the inside of the cooking compartment, a camera cooling fan disposed above the camera and configured to cool the camera by suctioning external air, a first glass provided at a ceiling of the cooking compartment so that the camera captures the inside of the cooking compartment and configured to block transmission of heat in the cooking compartment to the camera, and a second glass provided between the camera and the first glass and configured to block transmission of heat to the camera.

The present disclosure is directed to a multi-heat source apparatus. The multi heat source may include a fire pit and is configured to provide ambient heating with both convection heat transfer and radiation heat transfer. The multi-heat source apparatus comprises an infrared emitter for generating infrared radiation. The multi-heat source apparatus comprises a shielding member between a heat source for the convection heat transfer and another heat source for radiation heat transfer.