A stationary infrared radiator which is to be operated in a decentralized manner for heating buildings, including a reflector and at least two different components which emit IR radiation for heating, the reflector having a longitudinal axis (L) and a transverse axis (Q), which runs at right angles to the longitudinal axis (L) and parallel to the reflector, and a reflector surface. The first component is designed as a bright radiator or as a dark radiator and has a connection for supplying fuel gas. The second component is designed as an electrical resistance heater having at least one heating element. The aim is to control the temperature more precisely and simultaneously to produce the infrared radiator more simply. The first component and the second component are respectively disposed offset from one another in a direction of the transverse axis (Q) and in a direction at right angles to both axes (L, Q) in front of the reflector surface.

Described herein is a composite panel that includes a first layer made from an electrically non-conductive material. The composite panel also includes a resistance heater printed onto the first layer and a capacitive sensor applied onto the first layer. The capacitive sensor is operably coupled with the resistance heater. The composite panel additionally includes a second layer adjacent the resistance heater and the capacitive sensor. The resistance heater and the capacitive sensor are positioned between the first layer and the second layer. Furthermore, the second layer is made from an electrically non-conductive material. The resistance heater is configured to generate heat at least partially in response to input sensed by the capacitive sensor.

A suspension mounted heating system is designed to allow easy installation of electric heating cable that is positioned against the bottom surface of a suspended stair or walkway so that heat generated by the cable is efficiently transferred up into the stair or walkway material to raise its temperature enough to prevent the accumulation of snow and ice on the material's top surface.

A layered heater system is provided, which includes an engineered substrate, a heater substrate disposed on the engineered substrate, a resistive element layer formed proximate the heater plate, and a protective layer formed on the resistive element layer. Terminal pads are formed over at least a portion of the resistive element layer and are exposed through the protective layer. The engineered substrate includes a plurality of walls which extend in a thickness direction of the engineered substrate and which have a thickness engineered for specific heat transfer requirement.

A radiant heating panel, for typical use as cover for interior walls and ceilings, is provided, that is manufactured in a continuous process involving at least one sheet material, a settable material and a heating element. A method of installing such a heating panel is also provided, along with an apparatus and method required to terminate the heating panel.

A layered heater system is provided that includes an engineered substrate having an upper face sheet, a lower face sheet, and a core disposed between the upper face sheet and the lower face sheet. A dielectric layer is formed on at least one of the upper face sheet and the lower face sheet, a resistive element layer is formed on the dielectric layer, a protective layer is formed on the resistive element layer, and terminal pads are formed over at least a portion of the resistive element layer, wherein the terminal pads are exposed through the protective layer. In one form, the core defines a honeycomb structure, and in another, the core defines a frame structure having a plurality of support ribs.

An interconnected heated patio stone and system are disclosed, the stone consisting of a durable, heat-transmitting upper layer, and an insulating lower layer, a heating cable running within the stone, and having two interconnections at the edge of the stone. The interconnection has a bracket to connect with the cable, a receptacle for joining electrically to a bridging connector, and an electrical linkage making an electrical connection available. Each stone is connected with another by a bridging connector, which contains an articulated wire, and has a basin and cap at each end for electrically joining, in a sealed manner, with the receptacle. The system consists of two or more stones interconnected using bridging connectors, the whole system also connected to a power source.

A system and method for heating structures to either prevent the build-up of freezing precipitation or eliminate freezing precipitation on an exposed outer surface of the structures. The system includes a heating assembly integrally formed with a structure to apply thermal energy to the exposed outer surface of the structure. Optionally, the heating assembly includes heating elements formed of carbon fiber. The system optionally includes a control assembly operatively coupled to the heating assembly. The control assembly selectively powers the heating assembly and can be configured for remote operation. In use, the control assembly can be selectively activated from a remote location to power the heating assembly and heat the structure. Optionally, the structure is a concrete structure.

A heating tile designed to be easily installed using standard construction methods and materials while providing a radiant heating method that is compatible with both computer controlled systems as well as simple thermostat controls, can be repaired without major floor rework, does not produce a significant magnetic field, is protected against overheating due to excessive exposed surface insulation, and is water and contaminant resistant even if there is minor cracking of the tile.

The grounded modular heated cover is disclosed with a first pliable outer layer and a second pliable outer layer, wherein the outer layers provide durable protection, an electrical heating element between the first and the second outer layers, the electrical heating element configured to convert electrical energy to heat energy, a heat spreading layer, and a thermal insulation layer positioned above the active electrical heating element. Beneficially, such a device provides radiant heat, weather isolation, temperature insulation, and solar heat absorption efficiently and cost effectively. The modular heated cover quickly and efficiently removes ice, snow, and frost from surfaces, and penetrates soil and other material to thaw the material to a suitable depth. A plurality of modular heated covers can be connected on a single 120 Volt circuit protected by a 20 Amp breaker. The modular heated covers are grounded for safety using the conductive heat spreading layer.