A fluid system of an internal combustion engine is provided with a heating device in a heating chamber. An electric heating element of the heating device is arranged between two holding bodies such that the heating element electrically and thermally contacts a contact section of at least one of the holding bodies. The heating chamber has an inner volume region between the holding bodies and at least one outer volume region arranged on an outer side of the holding bodies. The inner and outer volume regions allow fluid to flow through. The inner volume region has an enlarged section with a first spacing measured between the holding bodies. The holding bodies have a second spacing measured in a region of the contact section. The first spacing is greater than the second spacing at least at a circumferential side of the contact section facing the enlarged section.

A heat transfer assembly includes a sheath which in one embodiment is elliptical in cross-section and in another embodiment has a complex cross-section with flat wall sections and curved wall sections. The sheath is elastically deformable so as to accept a heat transfer element sub-assembly. Once installed, the sheath holds the sub-assembly in place by an interference fit.

A water dispensing apparatus includes a hot water module configured to heat supplied water using an induction heating method, a water supply pipe configured to supply water to the hot water module, a flow rate control valve provided on the water supply pipe to control a flow rate of water supplied to the hot water module, a flow rate sensing device provided on the water supply pipe to sense the flow rate of water supplied to the hot water module, and a controller configured to increase an opening speed of the flow rate control valve when the flow rate of supplied water sensed through the flow rate sensing device is equal to or less than a set flow rate.

Various implementations include a hot water heating system having a spine and two or more water heating units. The spine includes a top surface defining one or more top openings, two or more coupling areas, and cold water, hot water, and fuel manifolds. One or more top openings provide access to a cold water manifold inlet, a hot water manifold outlet, and a fuel manifold inlet. At least one of the coupling areas is located above another coupling area when the spine is oriented with the top surface facing upwardly. The water heating units are coupled to coupling areas such that a cold water inlet of the unit is fluidically coupled to the cold water manifold outlet, a hot water outlet of the unit is fluidically coupled to the hot water manifold inlet, and a fuel inlet of the unit is fluidically coupled to the fuel manifold outlet.

The embodiment relates to a heating device having a plurality of electrical heating elements (1; 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) composed of a cylindrical hollow body (2), electrical heating resistors being formed on the jacket of said hollow body and connection ports (3a, 3b; 3a1, 3b1, 3a2, 3b2, 3a3, 3b3, 3a4, 3b4) for the inflow and outflow of a fluid being arranged on the end faces of said hollow body. The heating elements (1; 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) are arranged parallel to one another. Each connection port (3a1, 3b1, 3a2, 3b2, 3a3, 3b3, 3a4, 3b4) of a heating element (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) is connected to a connection port (3a1, 3b1, 3a2, 3b2, 3a3, 3b3, 3a4, 3b4) of another heating element (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) in such a way that the heating elements (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d) are connected in series in respect of fluid throughflow with a first connection port as a total inflow connection port (3a1) and a second connection port as a total outflow connection port (3a4).

Dispensing of hot water having an adjustable temperature by way of a water outlet fitting that can be installed on a sink. This is achieved by a continuous flow heater and a measured value sensor arranged in a water inlet of the water outlet fitting as the hot water heater. The measured value sensor detects a measurement variable with regard to water flowing through the continuous flow heater (10). The water dispensing device has a control unit, which is designed to regulate a flow rate through the continuous flow heater as a function of measured values of the measured value sensor in order to adjust the temperature of the hot water.

Apparatus for providing heated cleaning fluid to a vehicle surface includes an inlet port for receiving an amount of fluid, a housing bounding a reservoir in fluid communication with the inlet port, and an outlet port in fluid communication with the reservoir for dispensing an amount of heated fluid. A heater element heats fluid passing from the inlet port to the outlet port through the reservoir. A heat exchanger in thermal contact with the heater element for conveying heat to fluid within the reservoir has a strut that divides fluid entering the housing through the inlet port into two flow paths and elongated fins extending outwardly from the strut at transverse angles that bound fluid flow channels for fluid moving through the reservoir. A control circuit energizes the heater element to heat the heating element and the fluid passing from the inlet port to the outlet port through the reservoir.

A fluid heating pre-start system includes a fluid circuit. The fluid circuit includes a circulating pump, a heat exchanger, and a fluid jacket coupled to a piece of equipment. The pre-start system includes a heater positioned to heat the fluid in the fluid circuit using the heat exchanger. The pre-start system includes a controller positioned to control the operation of the fluid circuit and the heater. The pre-start system may be run until the piece of equipment is preheated to a desired temperature before the piece of equipment is activated.

Certain disclosed embodiments concern systems and methods of preparing dialysate for use in a home dialysis system that is compact and light-weight relative to existing systems and consumes relatively low amounts of energy. The method includes coupling a household water stream to a dialysis system; filtering the water stream; heating the water stream to at least about 138 degrees Celsius in a non-batch process to produce a heated water stream; maintaining the heated water stream at or above at least about 138 degrees Celsius for at least about two seconds; cooling the heated water stream to produce a cooled water stream; ultrafiltering the cooled water stream; and mixing dialysate components into the cooled water stream in a non-batch process.

The present invention discloses a film type liquid heater and a uniform heating method thereof. End fixation plates are arranged at two ends of a barrel. A heating pipe is arranged in the barrel. Pipe ports run through the two end fixation plates, respectively. Connecting pipes are arranged in the pipe ports. Sealing connection components are arranged at inner ends of the two connecting pipes. A heating film layer is coated outside the heating pipe. Electrode layers are connected left and right sides of the heating film layer, and the electrode layers are connected to an external power supply. An insulating layer is coated outside the heating film layer. A flow splitting column is fixedly connected in the heating pipe. A heating chamber is formed between an inner side of the heating pipe and the flow splitting column. Flow splitting grooves are formed at left and right ends and on the inner side of the flow splitting column. Two outer ends of the flow splitting grooves are communicated with the connecting pipes, and the flow splitting grooves are communicated with the heating chamber. The heating film layer is electrified to generate heat. The heat is conducted inward to the heating pipe and the flow splitting column, and conducted outward to the barrel. Liquid flows into the heating chamber through the connecting pipes and the flow splitting grooves, so that the heating uniformity of the liquid flow flowing through the heating chamber is improved.