Improvements to a water generation system is disclosed. The atmosphere freezer to be made from modified, redesigned and rearranged components commonly used in the cryogenics and refrigeration industry but with the focus on generating maximum water from the coil and or panel systems installed inside of a modified cargo container. The atmosphere freezer is targeted to assist Governments, States and Municipal water districts, aqueducts, U.S. Military, waste water reclamation facilities and reservoir, lake and river municipal managers. Applications can also be used in agriculture and large commercial and or private facilities. This system can also be used in disaster and emergency relief, new or existing housing track developments, solar farms, golf courses, hotels, hospitals, large commercial buildings and universities. Each of these applications can have units designed to meet their needs based on the available space for the container(s) and or their need for water.

A reverse compression cycle machine includes an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser arranged in series along a path of a working fluid in the machine, further including a boundary layer turbine placed between the condenser and the evaporator. The turbine includes a set of power disks mounted on a shaft which rotates inside a volume of a rotor casing, an inlet opening for introducing a working fluid in a stator volume, a stator nozzle, which accelerates the flow in a direction that is tangential to the power disks, and a discharge of a working fluid. The rotor casing includes a drain of a liquid fraction of the working fluid from the peripheral part of the power disks in order to avoid its concentration in the peripheral part of the volume of the rotor casing.

A combined refrigeration and power plant. The power plant comprises an internal combustion engine an air cycle machine refrigerator driven by the internal combustion engine and configured to refrigerate atmospheric air to provide working fluid to combined refrigeration and power generation cycle, a refrigerated air storage unit configured to store working fluid produced by the air cycle machine refrigerator; and first and second heat exchangers. The first heat exchanger arrangement is configured to exchange heat between a device to be cooled and the working fluid, and the second heat exchanger arrangement is configured to exchange heat between the working fluid downstream of the first heat exchanger in the combined refrigeration and power generation cycle and waste heat from the internal combustion engine; and a generator turbine configured to receive heated working fluid from the second heat exchanger arrangement, and configured to power an electrical generator.

A dual rail heat pump cycle includes a low-temperature heat source; a two stage, high-temperature heat exchange process through which, in operation, heat is exchanged with a thermal medium; and a working fluid circuit. The working fluid circuit includes an expansion process; a compression process; a recuperation process, and a pair of parallel flow paths. The recuperation process is interposed between the expansion process and the compression process and has a high-pressure side defined by the compression process and a low pressure side defined by the expansion process. The pair of parallel flow paths between the recuperation process and the high-temperature heat exchange process on the high-pressure side of the recuperation process.

According to one embodiment, an expander includes a piston provided reciprocatively in a first direction in a cylinder, a crankshaft, an XY-separation crank mechanism provided between the piston and the crankshaft, which converts a reciprocating motion of the piston and a rotary motion of the crankshaft into one another, a cylinder head including an intake port and an outlet port, a suction valve which opens/closes the intake port, a discharge valve which opens/closes the outlet port, an intake-side valve mechanism which opens/closes the suction valve and an outlet-side valve mechanism which opens/closes the discharge valve. At least one of the intake-side and outlet-side valve mechanisms includes an XY separation drive mechanism.

A renewable energy process and method to capture heat from low temperature sources with a refrigeration cycle to produce electricity using the heat content of sources normally unavailable because of their low temperature. This disclosure uses carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) refrigerate, but other refrigerates may be used as well. Heat is transferred from a low temperature source through an indirect heat exchanger (evaporator) to a refrigerating agent that enters the evaporator as a low temperature sub-cooled liquid or saturated mixture and exits as a vapor. The vapor is then superheated by a pollution free method and directed to a turbine for expansion to produce work. The expanded vapor is converted back to liquid without a condenser for return to the evaporator, resulting in a highly efficient system that does not reject heat into the environment.

A system includes a pressure exchanger (PX) configured to receive a first fluid at a first pressure, receive a second fluid at a second pressure, and exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid. The first fluid is to exit the PX at a third pressure and the second fluid is to exit the PX at a fourth pressure. The system further includes a first heat exchanger configured to provide the first fluid to the PX and provide corresponding thermal energy from the first fluid to a third fluid. The system further includes a turbine configured to receive the third fluid output from the first heat exchanger. The turbine is further configured to convert corresponding thermal energy of the third fluid into kinetic energy.

In various embodiments, a system and method are provided for storing a liquid mixed refrigerant (MR) separated and stored as Low boiling point (LBP) and high boiling point (HBP) components. These storage components are later used in conjunction with heating and/or cooling sources in effecting the operation of a Rankine cycle to generate electric or mechanical power on a dispatch or when needed basis. The MR is reconstituted by combining the LBP and HBP. In a cycle, the LBP and HBP are later separated from the MR utilizing sporadically available energy sources (for example, solar, wind, hydro, etc.) or consistently available sources (for example geothermal).

A cooling subsystem of a fuel cell assembly that employs the Rankine cycle to use the potential energy of a thermally pressurized fluid to generate electrical power. Waste heat from a fuel cell stack is transferred to working fluid in a heat exchanger. The working fluid in the condensed phase is pressurized, evaporated in a boiler or evaporator, and then fed to an expansion turbine which in turn provides rotary motion to an electric generator to generate useful electrical power. The fluid leaves the turbine as a lower pressured vapor, and is then condensed back to a fluid and pumped back to the evaporator to repeat the process.

A system includes a pressure exchanger (PX) to receive a first fluid at a first pressure, second fluid at a second pressure, and exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid. The first fluid is to exit the PX at a third pressure and the second fluid is to exit the PX at a fourth pressure. A first condenser is to receive the first fluid from a compressor and provide thermal energy from the first fluid to a first environment. A second condenser is to receive the second fluid from the PX and provide thermal energy from the second fluid to a second environment. A heat exchanger is to receive the first fluid from the first condenser and the second fluid from the second condenser, provide thermal energy from the first fluid to the second fluid, and provide the first fluid to the PX.