An apparatus, a process and a system for treating petroleum coke are provided. The apparatus includes an activation unit that is an annular furnace reactor. The system includes a first reactor, the apparatus as a second reactor, a washing and separating unit, a cooling unit, a dissolving and separating unit, a washing and drying unit, optionally a regenerating unit, optionally a drying and calcining unit and optionally an evaporation-crystallization unit. The process for producing carbon materials uses the system for treating petroleum coke. The apparatus, the process and the system can achieve continuous production, and have advantages of high activation efficiency and stable properties of the resultant carbon material products.

A carrier-type heat-treatment apparatus including a furnace main body that includes heaters and a mesh belt that transports an object to be heat-treated into the furnace main body includes a gas pipe arranged inside the furnace main body, the gas pipe being configured to inject a gas into the furnace main body, in which a low-temperature zone and a high-temperature zone are provided inside the furnace main body with the gas, the low-temperature zone being provided on an entrance side of the furnace main body, the high-temperature zone being provided on an exit side of the furnace main body and having a temperature higher than the low-temperature zone.

Provided herein are rapid, high quality film sintering processes that include high-throughput continuous sintering of lithium-lanthanum zirconium oxide (lithium-stuffed garnet). The instant disclosure sets forth equipment and processes for making high quality, rapidly-processed ceramic electrolyte films. These processes include high-throughput continuous sintering of lithium-lanthanum zirconium oxide for use as electrolyte films. In certain processes, the film is not in contact with any surface as it sinters (i.e., during the sintering phase).

A method for opening up electrochemical energy storage devices in connection with a subsequent recovery of valuable materials contained therein as secondary raw materials, in which method the energy storage devices are opened up by a thermal treatment system to remove the electrolytes and reactive substances, before the thermally treated material is subjected to processing, whereby secondary raw materials in the thermally treated material are separated from one another. The thermal treatment is performed in an indirectly heated furnace under atmospheric pressure conditions or a slight overpressure relative to the ambient pressure of up to 20 mbar in a reducing atmosphere, and influence is exerted on the course of the thermal treatment process via the reducing atmosphere, as a control variable. Furthermore, a thermal treatment system is described for removing electrolytes and reactive substances in electrochemical energy storage devices and consequently for pyrolytic opening.

The invention relates to a installation (4) for recycling composite materials comprising a horizontal reactor (5) with a first zone (1), second zone (2) and third zone (3), which are leak-tight and independent, aligned with and separated from one another by means of gates that allow the passage of the composite material to be recycled only when the process has ended in a previous zone. The first zone (1) comprises a rotation mechanism (9) for rotating the material and gas outlet means (8). The second zone (2) comprises air injectors (10) and gas outlet means (11). The third zone (3) comprises cooling means.

The invention also relates to a method for recycling composite materials comprising a first pyrolysis phase, a second gassing phase for gassing the material resulting from the first phase, and a third cooling phase for cooling the reinforcement material.

The present disclosure is related to a method of producing a fired ceramic article. The method may include: heating a ceramic green body in a kiln, and controlling oxygen concentration in the kiln such that the oxygen concentration swings during the heating of the ceramic green body.

A continuous nitriding treatment furnace includes a nitriding chamber, a heater, a first nitriding zone, and a second nitriding zone lower in atmosphere gas temperature than the first nitriding zone by 25 C. to 150 C., the continuous nitriding treatment furnace being configured such that an atmosphere gas in the first nitriding zone flows into the second nitriding zone and being configured to execute a nitriding treatment that forms an iron nitride compound layer composed of an phase or of the phase and a phase on a surface of the steel member in the first nitriding zone and precipitates the phase in the iron nitride compound layer in the second nitriding zone.

A disclosed method includes serially moving a plurality of dies through a series of interconnected chambers that are selectively sealable from each other. Through the series of interconnected chambers, each of the dies is introduced into a controlled gas environment, each of the dies is introduced into a controlled temperature environment, a process-environment-sensitive material is pressurized in each of the dies, and each of the dies is cooled. A disclosed apparatus includes a series of interconnected chambers that are selectively sealable from each other. A first one of the chambers is configured to establish a controlled gas environment therein, a second one of the chambers is configured to establish a controlled temperature environment therein, a third one of the chambers is configured to pressurize a process-environment-sensitive material and a fourth one of the chambers is configured to cool the process-environment-sensitive material.

The present application discloses a gas control system for a reflow oven, a hearth thereof comprising a preheating zone, a peak zone and a cooling zone. The gas control system comprises: an oxygen detection apparatus, a first valve apparatus, a second valve apparatus and a controller. The controller is configured to control the degree of opening of the first valve apparatus and/or the second valve apparatus when the oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen detection apparatus does not satisfy a preset value, in order to enable the oxygen concentration in the peak zone to satisfy the preset value by adjusting the flow rate of working gas and/or air inputted into the peak zone. The gas control system and reflow oven of the present application first perform rough adjustment of gas in the hearth, such that the oxygen concentration in the hearth is substantially close to the preset value. The oxygen concentration in the peak zone of the hearth is then adjusted precisely by means of the first valve apparatus and second valve apparatus. Thus, even though the amount of oxygen in air entering the hearth is indeterminate, the oxygen concentration of the peak zone will not be affected, so the quality of circuit board soldering can be increased in a stable fashion.

A method for heating ware in a kiln. The ware space of the kiln includes a plurality of temperature control zones oriented in a first direction, and a plurality of temperature control zones oriented in a second direction. The method includes heating the ware space in a first heating stage, a second heating stage, and a third heating stage. At least one of the following conditions is satisfied: (i) in one of the heating stages, a temperature control zone oriented in the first direction has a setpoint temperature that is different from a setpoint temperature of one other temperature control zone oriented in the first direction; and (ii) in one of the heating stages, one temperature control zone oriented in the second direction has a setpoint temperature that is different from a set point temperature of one other temperature control zone oriented in the second direction, wherein the first direction is a vertical direction and the second direction is a horizontal direction.