Disclosed is a thermal reduction apparatus. The thermal reduction apparatus according to the exemplary embodiment includes: a preheating unit which preheats a to-be-reduced material and loads the to-be-reduced material into a reducing unit; the reducing unit which is connected to the preheating unit and in which a thermal reduction reaction of the to-be-reduced material occurs; a cooling unit which is connected to the reducing unit and from which the to-be-reduced material flowing into the cooling unit is unloaded to the outside; a gate device which is installed between the preheating unit and the reducing unit; a gate device which is installed between the reducing unit and the cooling unit; a condensing device which is connected to the reducing unit and condenses a metal vapor; a first blocking unit which is installed in the reducing unit; and a second blocking unit which is installed in the reducing unit so as to be spaced apart from the first blocking unit.

Disclosed is a thermal reduction apparatus. The thermal reduction apparatus according to the exemplary embodiment includes: a preheating unit which preheats a to-be-reduced material and loads the to-be-reduced material into a reducing unit; the reducing unit which is connected to the preheating unit and in which a thermal reduction reaction of the to-be-reduced material occurs; a cooling unit which is connected to the reducing unit and from which the to-be-reduced material flowing into the cooling unit is unloaded to the outside; a gate device which is installed between the preheating unit and the reducing unit; a gate device which is installed between the reducing unit and the cooling unit; a condensing device which is connected to the reducing unit and condenses a metal vapor; a first blocking unit which is installed in the reducing unit; and a second blocking unit which is installed in the reducing unit so as to be spaced apart from the first blocking unit.

A system and method is provided for determining a speed of a belt moving along a transport axis in conveyor oven tunnel. The method includes providing a sensor module, capturing signals, processing the signals, and outputting least one speed estimate. The sensor module is disposed upon the moving belt. The sensor module includes a first optical sensor and a second optical sensor. The optical sensors are spaced apart by a distance D along the transport axis. Capturing signals includes capturing first and second signals from the first and second sensors respectively as they are transported along the belt and within the oven tunnel. Processing the signals includes determining a delay ΔT between the signals. The speed estimate is based upon D divided by ΔT.

A system and method is provided for determining a speed of a belt moving along a transport axis in conveyor oven tunnel. The method includes providing a sensor module, capturing signals, processing the signals, and outputting least one speed estimate. The sensor module is disposed upon the moving belt. The sensor module includes a first optical sensor and a second optical sensor. The optical sensors are spaced apart by a distance D along the transport axis. Capturing signals includes capturing first and second signals from the first and second sensors respectively as they are transported along the belt and within the oven tunnel. Processing the signals includes determining a delay ΔT between the signals. The speed estimate is based upon D divided by ΔT.

A biomass combustion system for ceramic roller kiln, including a roller kiln including a preheating section, a combustion section and a cooling section; a biomass gasifier with a feed port, a first gas inlet, a second gas inlet and an gas outlet; a fuel manifold; and a pentane gasification device connected to the fuel manifold. The biomass or biomass waste is fed through the feed port. The gas outlet is connected to the fuel manifold through a heat exchanger. The premixer is configured to mix part of the hot air discharged from the cooling section with a mixture of biomass gas and gaseous pentane transported by the fuel manifold to obtain an air-fuel mixture, and distribute the mixture to the combustion section through burners. A biomass combustion process is also provided.

A biomass combustion system for ceramic roller kiln, including a roller kiln including a preheating section, a combustion section and a cooling section; a biomass gasifier with a feed port, a first gas inlet, a second gas inlet and an gas outlet; a fuel manifold; and a pentane gasification device connected to the fuel manifold. The biomass or biomass waste is fed through the feed port. The gas outlet is connected to the fuel manifold through a heat exchanger. The premixer is configured to mix part of the hot air discharged from the cooling section with a mixture of biomass gas and gaseous pentane transported by the fuel manifold to obtain an air-fuel mixture, and distribute the mixture to the combustion section through burners. A biomass combustion process is also provided.

A system for thermally bonding nonwoven fibers of assemblages of nonwoven fibers loosely held together may include a processing duct including an inlet end, an outlet end, and an intermediate portion extending between the inlet end and the outlet end. The system also may include one or more heat inlets located in the intermediate portion and configured to facilitate introduction of heat and air flow into the intermediate portion. The system further may include an inlet air feed at the inlet end and configured to separate the assemblages upon entry into the inlet end and propel the assemblages into the intermediate portion. The system also may include one or more heating devices configured to heat the assemblages as the assemblages are conveyed toward the outlet end to form processed assemblages, each of the processed assemblages including at least some nonwoven fibers adhered to one another.

A system for thermally bonding nonwoven fibers of assemblages of nonwoven fibers loosely held together may include a processing duct including an inlet end, an outlet end, and an intermediate portion extending between the inlet end and the outlet end. The system also may include one or more heat inlets located in the intermediate portion and configured to facilitate introduction of heat and air flow into the intermediate portion. The system further may include an inlet air feed at the inlet end and configured to separate the assemblages upon entry into the inlet end and propel the assemblages into the intermediate portion. The system also may include one or more heating devices configured to heat the assemblages as the assemblages are conveyed toward the outlet end to form processed assemblages, each of the processed assemblages including at least some nonwoven fibers adhered to one another.

The present disclosure discloses a reflow oven for processing a circuit board, the reflow oven comprising a heating zone, a plurality of heating devices and a start-stop device. The heating zone comprises a plurality of heating sub-zones, the plurality of heating devices are arranged in corresponding heating sub-zones of the plurality of heating sub-zones, and each of the plurality of heating devices is configured such that a working temperature of the corresponding heating sub-zone is in a predetermined temperature interval. The start-stop device is configured to activate or deactivate the plurality of heating devices, and the start-stop device is configured in such a way that the start-stop device activates or deactivates the plurality of heating devices according to predetermined time intervals in a process during which the circuit board sequentially passes through the plurality of heating sub-zones, such that a working temperature of each of the plurality of heating sub-zones is in a corresponding predetermined temperature interval. The reflow oven according to the present disclosure can perform soldering and processing of large-sized circuit boards and prevent the occurrence of overheating in a hearth of the reflow oven.

The present disclosure discloses a reflow oven for processing a circuit board, the reflow oven comprising a heating zone, a plurality of heating devices and a start-stop device. The heating zone comprises a plurality of heating sub-zones, the plurality of heating devices are arranged in corresponding heating sub-zones of the plurality of heating sub-zones, and each of the plurality of heating devices is configured such that a working temperature of the corresponding heating sub-zone is in a predetermined temperature interval. The start-stop device is configured to activate or deactivate the plurality of heating devices, and the start-stop device is configured in such a way that the start-stop device activates or deactivates the plurality of heating devices according to predetermined time intervals in a process during which the circuit board sequentially passes through the plurality of heating sub-zones, such that a working temperature of each of the plurality of heating sub-zones is in a corresponding predetermined temperature interval. The reflow oven according to the present disclosure can perform soldering and processing of large-sized circuit boards and prevent the occurrence of overheating in a hearth of the reflow oven.