Systems and methods include providing an aircraft with a direct drive dual-concentric valve (D3V) having a body, an outer secondary spool coaxially located within a bore of the body and linearly displaceable relative to the body, an inner primary spool coaxially located within a bore of the secondary spool and linearly displaceable relative to the secondary spool and the body. A plurality of piezo stacks is coupled to a first end of the primary spool, and applying a voltage to at least one of the piezo stacks causes an output stroke of the plurality of the piezo strokes for displacing the primary spool. The secondary spool is displaced together with the primary spool relative to the body if displacement of the primary spool relative to the secondary spool cannot occur.

Systems and methods include providing an aircraft with a direct drive dual-concentric valve (D3V) having a body, an outer secondary spool coaxially located within a bore of the body and linearly displaceable relative to the body, an inner primary spool coaxially located within a bore of the secondary spool and linearly displaceable relative to the secondary spool and the body. A plurality of piezo stacks is coupled to a first end of the primary spool, and applying a voltage to at least one of the piezo stacks causes an output stroke of the plurality of the piezo strokes for displacing the primary spool. The secondary spool is displaced together with the primary spool relative to the body if displacement of the primary spool relative to the secondary spool cannot occur.

A vapor powered electro-mechanical generator comprises a cylinder, which is sealed at both ends in which two pistons slidingly move in opposite directions simultaneously. A tube on which the pistons also slide lies at the center of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The tube transfers vapor from the inlet to the pressurized side of the pistons to actuate pistons, while one or more exhaust valves are simultaneously opened on the opposite end of the piston stroke allowing the expanded vapor to flow to a condensing system. The pistons consist of magnets at their peripheral circumference. As the vapor expands, the pistons magnets move through coils of conductive wire producing electric current. Further, repulsion magnets repel corresponding piston magnets to provide a cushioned rebound effect while conserving momentum of the generator.

A vapor powered electro-mechanical generator comprises a cylinder, which is sealed at both ends in which two pistons slidingly move in opposite directions simultaneously. A tube on which the pistons also slide lies at the center of the longitudinal axis of the cylinder. The tube transfers vapor from the inlet to the pressurized side of the pistons to actuate pistons, while one or more exhaust valves are simultaneously opened on the opposite end of the piston stroke allowing the expanded vapor to flow to a condensing system. The pistons consist of magnets at their peripheral circumference. As the vapor expands, the pistons magnets move through coils of conductive wire producing electric current. Further, repulsion magnets repel corresponding piston magnets to provide a cushioned rebound effect while conserving momentum of the generator.

Systems and methods include providing an aircraft with a direct drive dual-concentric valve (D3V) having a body, an outer secondary spool coaxially located within a bore of the body and linearly displaceable relative to the body, an inner primary spool coaxially located within a bore of the secondary spool and linearly displaceable relative to the secondary spool and the body, and multiple motor assemblies coupled to the primary spool that provide selective displacement of the primary spool or the secondary spool. Each motor assembly includes a clutching mechanism that selectively couples a motor of the motor assembly to and from the primary spool.

Systems and methods include providing an aircraft with a direct drive dual-concentric valve (D3V) having a body, an outer secondary spool coaxially located within a bore of the body and linearly displaceable relative to the body, an inner primary spool coaxially located within a bore of the secondary spool and linearly displaceable relative to the secondary spool and the body, and multiple motor assemblies coupled to the primary spool that provide selective displacement of the primary spool or the secondary spool. Each motor assembly includes a clutching mechanism that selectively couples a motor of the motor assembly to and from the primary spool.

A valve for controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic motor. The valve includes a sleeve and a spool. The sleeve includes a first fluid flow port for receiving hydraulic fluid from the supply line; a second fluid flow port for supplying hydraulic fluid to a second valve; a third fluid flow port for receiving hydraulic fluid from a first control line; a fourth fluid flow port for receiving hydraulic fluid from a second control line; and a fifth fluid flow port in fluid communication with the return line. The valve is arranged to be actuated to move the spool between a first position and a second position. When the spool is in the second position, the fifth fluid flow port is in fluid communication with the second, third and fourth fluid flow ports and the first fluid flow port is closed by the spool.

A valve for controlling the flow of hydraulic fluid to a hydraulic motor. The valve includes a sleeve and a spool. The sleeve includes a first fluid flow port for receiving hydraulic fluid from the supply line; a second fluid flow port for supplying hydraulic fluid to a second valve; a third fluid flow port for receiving hydraulic fluid from a first control line; a fourth fluid flow port for receiving hydraulic fluid from a second control line; and a fifth fluid flow port in fluid communication with the return line. The valve is arranged to be actuated to move the spool between a first position and a second position. When the spool is in the second position, the fifth fluid flow port is in fluid communication with the second, third and fourth fluid flow ports and the first fluid flow port is closed by the spool.

A pressure-limiting unit for a pressure booster for driving hydraulic tools. The unit includes a pneumatic unit that is driven by gas or air pressure, a hydraulic unit connected to the pneumatic unit and having a hydraulic port for connecting the hydraulic tool to the hydraulic unit in a fluid-tight manner and a pressure-limiting valve for adjusting the hydraulic pressure. The unit includes a closing element pushed against a valve seat by a spring element and having a displaceable adjusting element for adjusting the spring force of the spring element. To provide a pressure-limiting unit and a pressure booster for driving hydraulic tools with a pressure-limiting unit, which offer the possibility of making a precise adjustment of the hydraulic pressure in a simple way, the pressure-limiting unit includes a position detection unit connected to the adjusting element to detect the axial position of the adjusting element, an evaluation unit for determining the set hydraulic pressure as a function of the axial position, and an output unit for displaying the set hydraulic pressure.

A pressure-limiting unit for a pressure booster for driving hydraulic tools. The unit includes a pneumatic unit that is driven by gas or air pressure, a hydraulic unit connected to the pneumatic unit and having a hydraulic port for connecting the hydraulic tool to the hydraulic unit in a fluid-tight manner and a pressure-limiting valve for adjusting the hydraulic pressure. The unit includes a closing element pushed against a valve seat by a spring element and having a displaceable adjusting element for adjusting the spring force of the spring element. To provide a pressure-limiting unit and a pressure booster for driving hydraulic tools with a pressure-limiting unit, which offer the possibility of making a precise adjustment of the hydraulic pressure in a simple way, the pressure-limiting unit includes a position detection unit connected to the adjusting element to detect the axial position of the adjusting element, an evaluation unit for determining the set hydraulic pressure as a function of the axial position, and an output unit for displaying the set hydraulic pressure.