A replacement kit enables a user to generate a desired audible sound from an exhaust system of a motor vehicle. The kit includes a replacement catalytic converter arranged to replace the vehicle's original equipment catalytic converter. The replacement catalytic converter is connected to the vehicle's factory muffler through a replacement pipe segment to obtain a more desirable, yet muffled engine sound. The factory muffler may be removed from the motor vehicle and the replacement catalytic converter may instead be connected to a muffler bypass pipe or pipes or replacement exhaust components/segments which channels the exhaust flow directly to the atmosphere to obtain a more powerful unmuffled exciting visceral sports car engine sound.

A fluid cleaning and filtering system includes a pre-treatment system before a force generation turbine to condense and pretreat gases and particulate matter; a flow rectifier before a tangential inlet; diffuser pipes for compressing the gases and particulate matter therein and project same into the deflector disks, diffuser pipes at an outlet of the so-called condenser, a purger, a diffuser and a deflector; a force generation turbine; an energy generator using torque from the turbine rotor; an internal energy generator; a flow rectifier in a first tangential inlet and a flow rectifier in a second tangential inlet; a new full-cone atomizer nozzle to wet particles and clean gases; a diffuser in the condensers and a deflector disk for the condensers.

A fluid cleaning and filtering system includes a pre-treatment system before a force generation turbine to condense and pretreat gases and particulate matter; a flow rectifier before a tangential inlet; diffuser pipes for compressing the gases and particulate matter therein and project same into the deflector disks, diffuser pipes at an outlet of the so-called condenser, a purger, a diffuser and a deflector; a force generation turbine; an energy generator using torque from the turbine rotor; an internal energy generator; a flow rectifier in a first tangential inlet and a flow rectifier in a second tangential inlet; a new full-cone atomizer nozzle to wet particles and clean gases; a diffuser in the condensers and a deflector disk for the condensers.

A secondary air system for an aircraft engine comprises an air flow path communicating between a source of pressurized cooling air and an air consuming component. A filter is disposed in the air flow path upstream from the air consuming component. The filter has at least one of: openings of a size selected for capturing suspended particles; and a filter surface material for binding with chemical contaminants.

A secondary air system for an aircraft engine comprises an air flow path communicating between a source of pressurized cooling air and an air consuming component. A filter is disposed in the air flow path upstream from the air consuming component. The filter has at least one of: openings of a size selected for capturing suspended particles; and a filter surface material for binding with chemical contaminants.

An aftertreatment system comprises a housing defining a first and a second internal volume fluidly isolated from each other. A first aftertreatment leg extends from the first to the second internal volume and includes an oxidation catalyst and a filter. The oxidation catalyst receives exhaust gas from an inlet conduit and the filter emits exhaust gas into the second internal volume. A second aftertreatment leg extends from the second to the first internal volume and includes at least one SCR catalyst disposed offset from the first aftertreatment leg. A decomposition tube is disposed offset from the SCR catalyst and the oxidation catalyst. The decomposition tube is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the second internal volume and communicate it to the inlet of the at least one SCR catalyst. A reductant injection inlet is defined proximate to the inlet of the decomposition tube for reductant insertion.

An aftertreatment system comprises a housing defining a first and a second internal volume fluidly isolated from each other. A first aftertreatment leg extends from the first to the second internal volume and includes an oxidation catalyst and a filter. The oxidation catalyst receives exhaust gas from an inlet conduit and the filter emits exhaust gas into the second internal volume. A second aftertreatment leg extends from the second to the first internal volume and includes at least one SCR catalyst disposed offset from the first aftertreatment leg. A decomposition tube is disposed offset from the SCR catalyst and the oxidation catalyst. The decomposition tube is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the second internal volume and communicate it to the inlet of the at least one SCR catalyst. A reductant injection inlet is defined proximate to the inlet of the decomposition tube for reductant insertion.

An exhaust system includes an electrically conductive shell defining an exhaust pathway. The shell includes a tapered portion that tapers inward toward a longitudinal axis of the shell to define a narrowing region of the exhaust pathway. The exhaust system further includes an ionization assembly and an electrical subsystem that applies an electrical potential difference between the shell and at least a portion of the ionization assembly located within the exhaust pathway. The ionization assembly includes a support arm located within the exhaust pathway that extends into the narrowing region of the exhaust pathway. The ionization assembly further includes a plurality of electrically conductive discs mounted on and supported by the support arm. The ionization assembly is electrically insulated from the shell by an electrically insulating support structure.

Methods and systems are provided for a particulate matter sensor positioned downstream of a diesel particulate filter in an exhaust system. In one example, a particulate matter sensor may include a spherical assembly including a hollow rod and a plurality of flow tubes connected to diametrically opposite ends of the assembly, and a sensor element positioned within the assembly, distal to the plurality of flow tubes, thus protecting the sensor element from contaminants and water droplets condensing at or near the plurality of flow tubes. In addition, the support rod may further include a drainage hole to flow larger particulates out the spherical assembly and out into the exhaust passage.

Methods and systems are provided for a particulate matter sensor positioned downstream of a diesel particulate filter in an exhaust system. In one example, a particulate matter sensor may include a spherical assembly including a hollow rod and a plurality of flow tubes connected to diametrically opposite ends of the assembly, and a sensor element positioned within the assembly, distal to the plurality of flow tubes, thus protecting the sensor element from contaminants and water droplets condensing at or near the plurality of flow tubes. In addition, the support rod may further include a drainage hole to flow larger particulates out the spherical assembly and out into the exhaust passage.