The present disclosure is directed to Low Temperature NOx-Absorber (LT-NA) catalyst compositions, catalyst articles, and an emission treatment system for treating an exhaust gas, each including the LT-NA catalyst compositions. Further provided are methods for reducing a NO.sub.x level in an exhaust gas stream using the catalyst article. In particular, the LT-NA compositions include a zeolite containing a first metal component including palladium and a second metal component which is an alkaline earth metal component, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal component, a rare earth metal component, an oxide of a rare earth metal component, or a combination thereof. The LT-NA compositions exhibit increased low temperature NO.sub.x adsorption capacity and enhanced hydrothermal stability.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, a method, a system, and an apparatus are presented for mediating ambiance outputs among a plurality of users located in a common area. In some implementations, said ambiance outputs can be adaptive or interactive shared digital works. In other implementations, said ambiance outputs can be shared mediated augmented reality. In other implementations, said ambiance outputs can be the result of hierarchical schemes and algorithms. In another embodiment a method, system, and apparatus is presented for extracting and/or storing previously tagged items from a digital work.

A control unit (8) calculates a temperature difference (ΔTg). The temperature difference (ΔTg) is a value obtained by subtracting the temperature (Tg) of a GPF (22) from a target GPF temperature (Tgt). If the temperature difference (ΔTg) is less than or equal to zero, the control unit (8) implements a fuel economy-oriented conventional control. If the temperature difference (ΔTg) is greater than zero, the control unit (8) implements a filter temperature-increasing control. The filter temperature-increasing control causes the exhaust temperature to be increased so that the temperature (Tg) of the GPF (22) becomes greater than or equal to the target GPF temperature (Tgt).

Provided is a control device configured to be able to execute a forced regeneration process in an engine which includes a DOC and DPF disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine, and a temperature increase unit including an exhaust throttle valve, for increasing a temperature of each of the DOC and the DPF. The forced regeneration process includes a first temperature increase process of controlling the temperature increase unit such that the temperature of the DOC is increased to a first temperature, and a second temperature increase process of controlling the temperature increase unit such that the temperature of the DPF is increased to a second temperature which is higher than the first temperature after completion of the first temperature increase process. The control device includes a valve opening/closing operation execution part configured to cause the exhaust throttle valve to execute a valve opening/closing operation of increasing an opening degree of the exhaust throttle valve to be greater than a predetermined opening degree for a predetermined time, when the forced regeneration process is switched from the first temperature increase process to the second temperature increase process.

Exhaust gas is treated onboard a vehicle. Solar energy is converted into electricity, which is used to power an electrochemical cell mounted onboard the vehicle. Oxygen and hydrogen are produced by the electrochemical cell. Heat and the oxygen produced by the electrochemical cell are provided to a particulate matter filter onboard the vehicle, thereby oxidizing particulate matter disposed on the particulate matter filter.

Exhaust particulates are collected by a GPF(gasoline particulate filter) device. EGR control is executed, and exhaust gas flowing through an exhaust passage upstream of the GPF device is introduced into an intake passage via an EGR passage. In the EGR control, an opening area of the EGR passage is controlled to reduce the opening area of the EGR passage according to an operating state of the engine as a particulate deposition amount in the GPF device is increased.

This exhaust purification system includes: a pump disposed in an exhaust-side purge passage to supply air or purge gas purged from a canister to a catalyst; a three-way valve disposed upstream of the pump in the exhaust-side purge passage and configured to switch the exhaust-side purge passage between a communicating state allowing the pump to communicate with the canister and an atmosphere open state allowing the pump to communicate with the atmosphere; a flow control valve disposed downstream of the pump and configured to control a flow rate of air to be supplied to the catalyst; and a controller configured to, when a request to regenerate the catalyst occurs, control a purge valve, the pump, the three-way valve, and the flow control valve to supply, to the catalyst, purge gas purged from the canister and air by a necessary amount to burn particulates trapped in the catalyst.

A vehicle exhaust system includes a hot end having one or more hot end exhaust components that treat emissions generated by an engine and a cold end that includes at least one cold end component that attenuates noise. At least one acoustic volume is in parallel or serial to the hot end to further attenuate noise.

Provided is a control device configured to be able to execute a forced regeneration process in an engine which includes a DOC and DPF disposed in an exhaust passage of the engine, and a temperature increase unit including an exhaust throttle valve, for increasing a temperature of each of the DOC and the DPF. The forced regeneration process includes a first temperature increase process of controlling the temperature increase unit such that the temperature of the DOC is increased to a first temperature, and a second temperature increase process of controlling the temperature increase unit such that the temperature of the DPF is increased to a second temperature which is higher than the first temperature after completion of the first temperature increase process. The control device includes a valve opening/closing operation execution part configured to cause the exhaust throttle valve to execute a valve opening/closing operation of increasing an opening degree of the exhaust throttle valve to be greater than a predetermined opening degree for a predetermined time, when the forced regeneration process is switched from the first temperature increase process to the second temperature increase process.

A filter (30) traps particulate matter in an exhaust gas. A filter inlet side pressure sensor (34) is provided in an inlet side of the filter (30). An EGR valve inlet side pressure sensor (22) is provided in an inlet side of an EGR valve (20). A regeneration controller (38C) determines whether or not the filter inlet side pressure sensor (34) is in failure based upon a difference between a pressure value detected by the filter inlet side pressure sensor (34) and a pressure value detected by the EGR valve inlet side pressure sensor (22). When the filter inlet side pressure sensor (34) is in failure, the regeneration controller (38C) performs control of regeneration treatment using a differential pressure calculated based upon a pressure value detected by the EGR valve inlet side pressure sensor (22) and a pressure value detected by the filter outlet side pressure sensor (35).