This exhaust structure for a vehicle-mounted engine has an air intake channel 3 disposed on one side of an engine main body and an exhaust channel disposed on the other side thereof, the exhaust structure for the vehicle-mounted engine comprising: a turbine of a turbocharger disposed on the other side of the engine main body and connected to the exhaust channel; a first exhaust gas purification device connected to the exhaust channel downstream of the turbine; and a second exhaust gas purification device connected to the exhaust channel 4 downstream of the first exhaust gas purification device. The first exhaust gas purification device is disposed so as to be near the rear of the turbocharger, and the second exhaust gas purification device is disposed so as to be near a cylinder hock on the other side of the engine main body.

Described are exhaust gas treatment systems for treatment of a gasoline engine exhaust gas stream. The exhaust gas treatment systems comprise an ammonia generating catalyst and an ammonia selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst downstream of the ammonia generating catalyst. The ammonia generating catalyst comprises a NO.sub.x storage component, a refractory metal oxide support, a platinum component, and a palladium component. The ammonia generating catalyst is substantially free of ceria. The platinum and palladium components are present in a platinum to palladium ratio of greater than about 1 to 1.

A carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) capture system to reduce CO.sub.2 emissions comprises an absorption zone and a regeneration zone. The absorption zone captures CO.sub.2 from exhaust gas by absorption in a liquid solvent separated from the exhaust gas by a separator. The liquid solvent comprises a blend of alkali metal salts of two or more amino or amino-sulfonic acids, thereby forming a first constituent and a second constituent. The first constituent is a primary or secondary amino or amino sulfonic acid with molar mass of less than 200 g/mol. The second constituent has a molar mass of less than 300 g/mol. The regeneration zone may rejuvenate the liquid solvent rich in captured CO.sub.2 by heating so that a resulting liquid solvent with a low concentration of CO.sub.2 is pumped back to the absorption zone. An on-board CO.sub.2 capture and storage system for a mobile internal combustion engine and a method for capturing CO.sub.2 are also described.

An exhaust aftertreatment system includes a cross-flow selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The cross-flow selective catalytic reduction catalyst includes a housing and a substrate assembly. The substrate assembly includes a plurality of first substrate layers defining a plurality of first flow channels and a plurality of second substrate layers defining a plurality of second flow channels. The exhaust aftertreatment system includes a passive NO.sub.x adsorber. The passive NO.sub.x adsorber includes a housing. The housing includes an inlet in exhaust gas receiving communication with the plurality of first flow channels of the cross-flow selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The housing includes an outlet in exhaust gas providing communication with the plurality of second flow channels of the cross-flow selective catalytic reduction catalyst. The passive NO.sub.x adsorber includes a substrate positioned in the housing. The substrate includes a passive NO.sub.x adsorber washcoat.

Methods of making an iron based catalyst using microwave hydrothermal synthesis are provided. The methods include dissolving iron(III) nitrate, Fe(NO.sub.3).sub.3, in an organic solvent to form a solution. Once dissolved, the methods include a step of neutralizing the solution with an alkaline mineralizing agent to obtain a precipitate. The solution with the precipitate is then subjected to microwave radiation to cause a temperature gradient and a hydrothermal crystallization process to form a synthesized product. The synthesized product is subsequently separated from the mineralizing agent. The method includes washing and drying the synthesized product to obtain particles of sodium iron oxide (NaFeO.sub.2) catalyst that can be used as a composition for a passive NO.sub.x adsorber. A two-stage NO.sub.x abatement device for removal of NO.sub.x from an exhaust gas stream during a cold start operation of an internal combustion engine is also provided.

A vehicle 100 comprises a fuel tank for storing fuel, a fueling port for supplying the fuel tank with fuel, a CO.sub.2 recovery device configured to recover CO.sub.2, a CO.sub.2 collection port for collecting CO.sub.2 from the CO.sub.2 recovery device, and a single openable lid configured to cover both the fueling port and the CO.sub.2 collection port.

An aftertreatment system comprises a housing defining a first and a second internal volume fluidly isolated from each other. A first aftertreatment leg extends from the first to the second internal volume and includes an oxidation catalyst and a filter. The oxidation catalyst receives exhaust gas from an inlet conduit and the filter emits exhaust gas into the second internal volume. A second aftertreatment leg extends from the second to the first internal volume and includes at least one SCR catalyst disposed offset from the first aftertreatment leg. A decomposition tube is disposed offset from the SCR catalyst and the oxidation catalyst. The decomposition tube is configured to receive the exhaust gas from the second internal volume and communicate it to the inlet of the at least one SCR catalyst. A reductant injection inlet is defined proximate to the inlet of the decomposition tube for reductant insertion.

The present disclosure is directed to an emission treatment system for NO.sub.x abatement in an exhaust stream of an ammonia-fueled engine, the emission treatment system including a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst disposed on a substrate in fluid communication with the exhaust stream, an oxidation catalyst disposed on a substrate positioned either upstream or downstream of the SCR catalyst and in fluid communication with the exhaust stream and the SCR catalyst, and optionally, one or more adsorption components disposed on a substrate positioned upstream and/or downstream of the SCR catalyst and in fluid communication with the exhaust stream and the SCR catalyst, the adsorption component chosen from low temperature NO.sub.x adsorbers (LT-NA), low temperature ammonia adsorbers (LT-AA), low temperature water vapor adsorbers (LT-WA), and combinations thereof. The disclosure further provides a related method of treatment of an exhaust gas.

An aftertreatment system for treating an exhaust gas comprises an exhaust conduit, a preheating oxidation catalyst, a primary oxidation catalyst disposed downstream of the preheating oxidation catalyst, and a selective catalytic reduction system disposed in the exhaust conduit downstream of the primary oxidation catalyst. A controller is configured to determine a temperature of an exhaust gas at an inlet of the selective catalytic reduction system. In response to the temperature being below a threshold temperature, the controller generates a hydrocarbon insertion signal configured to cause hydrocarbons to be inserted into or upstream of the preheating oxidation catalyst so as to increase a temperature of the exhaust gas to above the threshold temperature.

An oxidation catalyst for treating an exhaust gas produced by a diesel engine comprises a catalytic region and a substrate, wherein the catalytic region comprises a catalytic material comprising: bismuth (Bi) or an oxide thereof; a Group 8 metal or an oxide thereof; a platinum group metal (PGM) selected from the group consisting of (i) platinum (Pt), (ii) palladium (Pd) and (iii) platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd); and a support material, which comprises alumina, silica, a mixed oxide of alumina and a refractory oxide, a mixed oxide of silica and a refractory oxide, a composite oxide of alumina and a refractory oxide, a composite oxide of silica and a refractory oxide, alumina doped with a refractory oxide or silica doped with a refractory oxide.