In general, this disclosure describes method of capturing and storing CO.sub.2 on a vehicle. The method includes contacting an vehicle exhaust gas with one or more of a first metal organic framework (MOF) composition sufficient to separate CO.sub.2 from the exhaust gas, contacting the separated CO.sub.2 with one or more of a second MOF composition sufficient to store the CO.sub.2 and wherein the one or more first MOF composition comprises one or more SIFSIX-n-M MOF and wherein M is a metal and n is 2 or 3. Embodiments also describe an apparatus or system for capturing and storing CO.sub.2 onboard a vehicle.

A passive NO.sub.x adsorber is disclosed. The passive NO.sub.x adsorber is effective to adsorb NO.sub.x at or below a low temperature and release the adsorbed NO.sub.x at temperatures above the low temperature. The passive NO.sub.x adsorber comprises a noble metal and a molecular sieve having an OFF Framework Type. The invention also includes an exhaust system comprising the passive NO.sub.x adsorber, and a method for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine utilizing the passive NO.sub.x adsorber.

An exhaust gas purification material according to the present invention is provided with a particulate filter 10 that traps particulate matter in exhaust gas and contains an SCR catalyst for adsorbing ammonia and reducing NOx in the exhaust gas. A maximum allowable adsorption amount of ammonia adsorbable by the filter 10 differs between an upstream portion 10a of the filter 10 including an exhaust gas inlet-side end 10c, and a downstream portion 10b of the filter 10 including an exhaust gas outlet-side end 10d. The SCR catalyst contained in the upstream portion 10a and the SCR catalyst contained in the downstream portion 10b are qualitatively different. A ratio (B/A) of a maximum allowable adsorption amount of ammonia A in the upstream portion 10a and a maximum allowable adsorption amount of ammonia B in the downstream portion 10b satisfies the relationship 1.1(B/A)2.

A NO.sub.x trap catalyst is disclosed. The NO.sub.x trap catalyst comprises a noble metal, a NO.sub.x storage component, a support, and a first ceria-containing material. The first ceria-containing material is pre-aged prior to incorporation into the NOx trap catalyst, and may have a surface area of less than 80 m.sup.2/g. The invention also includes exhaust systems comprising the NO.sub.x trap catalyst, and a method for treating exhaust gas utilizing the NO.sub.x trap catalyst.

A reduction-causing agent supply device includes a tank to store a reduction-causing agent, a pumping unit to pump the reduction-causing agent, a reduction-causing agent supply passage to supply the reduction-causing agent, an injection nozzle to inject the reduction-causing agent into an exhaust pipe, a drawing-back unit to draw the reduction-causing agent toward the tank, and a controller. After stop of an engine, the controller performs: reduction-causing agent drawing-back process of drawing the reduction-causing agent toward the tank and introducing exhaust gas from the injection nozzle into the reduction-causing agent supply passage; and gas discharge process of supplying the reduction-causing agent to compress the exhaust gas inside the reduction-causing agent supply passage, discharging the compressed exhaust gas from the injection nozzle, and closing a valve of the injection nozzle before the reduction-causing agent reaches the injection nozzle.

Apparatus (100) for controlling an aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine (101), a system comprising an apparatus, a vehicle comprising a system and a method (1000) of controlling injection in an internal combustion engine (101) are disclosed. The apparatus comprises a processing means (102) configured to receive a first signal from a first temperature sensing means (103) indicative of a first temperature of exhaust gases outputted from an internal combustion engine (101) at a first location upstream of a first exhaust system component (104) configured to provide a passage for exhaust gases. The processing means is also configured to receive a second signal from a flow rate sensing means (105) indicative of a flow rate of the exhaust gases outputted from the engine (101) and calculate an approximated value at least from the first signal and the second signal. The approximated value is indicative of a second temperature of exhaust gases at a location downstream of the first exhaust system component (104). The processing means is further configured to provide an output signal to control the after treatment system, in dependence of the calculated approximated value.

Zoned diesel oxidation catalysts containing a higher precious metal loading in the inlet zone that the outlet zone and an equal or shorter length inlet zone are described. Emission treatment systems and methods of remediating nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter, and gaseous hydrocarbons using zoned diesel oxidation catalysts are also described.

A particle filter for an internal combustion engine has a filter body (2) with a first channel (5) having a first end (7) facing a filter inlet (3) and a second end (8) facing a filter outlet (4), and a flow-through second channel (6) having a third end (9) facing the filter inlet (3) and a fourth end (10) formed facing the filter outlet (4). The second and third ends (8, 9) cannot accommodate flow therethrough. The channels (5, 6) are divided into a flow-through section (13) and a non-flow-through section (14). A wall (11) between the channels (5, 6) enables soot particles to be separated from exhaust gas flowing through the filter body (2) from the first channel (5) into the second channel (6). The non-flow-through channel section (14) has a heating element (15) to increase a reaction temperature in the filter (1) for burning off the soot particles.

Described are exhaust gas treatment systems for treatment of a gasoline engine exhaust gas stream containing NOx, particulate matter, and sulfur. The exhaust gas treatment system comprises: one or more catalytic articles selected from a three-way conversion catalyst (TWC), a lean NOx trap (LNT), and an integrated LNT-TWC; a platinum-containing catalytic article downstream from the one or more catalytic articles; and one or more selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalytic articles immediately downstream from the platinum-containing catalytic article, the one or more SCR catalytic articles including a molecular sieve. The system stabilizes the SCR catalytic article from poisoning by sulfur.

An exhaust system for an internal combustion engine, the exhaust system comprising, a lean NO.sub.x trap, a NO.sub.x storage and reduction zone on a wall flow monolithic substrate having a pre-coated porosity of 50% or greater, the NO.sub.x storage and reduction zone comprising a platinum group metal loaded on one or more first support, the or each first support comprising one or more alkaline earth metal compound, and a selective catalytic reduction zone on a monolithic substrate, the selective catalytic reduction zone comprising copper or iron loaded on a second support, the second support comprising a molecular sieve.