An oxygen storage material including a ceria-zirconia based composite oxide containing a composite oxide of ceria and zirconia, wherein the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide comprises at least one rare-earth element selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, yttrium, and neodymium, and an amount of the rare-earth element(s) contained in total is 1 to 10% by atom in terms of element relative to a total amount of cerium and zirconium in the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide, 60 to 85% by atom of the entire amount of the rare-earth element(s) is contained in a near-surface upper-layer region extending from a surface of each primary particle of the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide to a depth of 50 nm in the primary particle, and 15 to 40% by atom of the entire amount of the rare-earth element(s) is contained in a near-surface lower-layer region extending from a depth of 50 nm to a depth of 100 nm in the primary particle, a content ratio of cerium and zirconium in the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide is in a range of 40:60 to 60:40 in terms of an atomic ratio ([Ce]:[Zr]), and the ceria-zirconia based composite oxide has an intensity ratio {I(14/29) value} between a diffraction line at 2θ=14.5° and a diffraction line at 2θ=29° which satisfies the following condition:
I(14/29) value≥0.032,
where the intensity ratio {I(14/29) value} is determined from an X-ray diffraction pattern using CuKα obtained by an X-ray diffraction measurement conducted after heating in air under a temperature condition of 1100° C. for 5 hours.

The present invention relates to a particulate filter which comprises a wall flow filter of length L and two different catalytically active coatings Y and Z, wherein the wall flow filter comprises channels E and A that extend in parallel between a first and a second end of the wall flow filter and are separated by porous walls which form the surfaces O.sub.E and O.sub.A, respectively, and wherein the channels E are closed at the second end and the channels A are closed at the first end. The invention is characterized in that the coating Y is located in the channels E on the surfaces O.sub.E and the coating Z is located in the channels A on the surfaces O.sub.A.

The present disclosure generally relates to emission control catalyst articles comprising a platinum group metal (PGM) enriched zone, methods of making such emission control catalyst articles, and methods of using such emission control catalyst articles.

A method of manufacturing a catalyst article, the method comprising: providing an anionic complex comprising a PGM and a carboxylate ion; providing a support material; applying the anionic complex to the support material to form a loaded support material; disposing the loaded support material on a substrate; and heating the loaded support material to form nanoparticles of the PGM on the support material.

An exhaust gas aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine has an exhaust system that can be connected to an outlet of the internal combustion engine. A three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine and, downstream from the three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine, a second catalytic converter and a particle reduction device are arranged in the direction in which an exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine flows through an exhaust gas channel of the exhaust system. A fuel injector is arranged on the exhaust gas channel so as to inject fuel downstream from the three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine and upstream from the second catalytic converter, and the exhaust system comprises a secondary air system with which secondary air can be blown into the exhaust gas channel downstream from the three-way catalytic converter that is situated close to the engine and upstream from the second catalytic converter.

An internal combustion engine arrangement includes an internal combustion engine, a catalytic converter, and a controller. The controller is configured to determine a maximum H.sub.2 production capacity of the catalytic converter. The catalytic converter is arranged downstream of the internal combustion engine. The controller is configured and adapted to determine the maximum H.sub.2 production capacity of the catalytic converter based on a first function that correlates an H.sub.2 production of the internal combustion engine with first internal combustion engine parameters.

A control device for an internal combustion engine including an upstream cleaning device and a downstream cleaning device that are provided in an exhaust gas passage and a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of exhaust gas between the upstream cleaning device and the downstream cleaning device is provided. The control device includes a first temperature estimating unit configured to estimate a temperature of the downstream cleaning device from the temperature of exhaust gas detected by the temperature sensor and a second temperature estimating unit configured to estimate a temperature of the downstream cleaning device without using the temperature of exhaust gas detected by the temperature sensor. An abnormality determining process for the upstream cleaning device is performed when at least the temperature of the downstream cleaning device estimated by the second temperature estimating unit is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value.

An electric heating device for an exhaust gas catalyst, the electric heating device including a sleeve and a heating cellular structure which is heated by a flow of electric current and which is contained in the sleeve. The electric heating device being designed to be positioned in a segment of an exhaust gas pipe upstream of a catalyst, so as to completely occupy a cross section of the segment such that exhaust gases flowing in the pipe pass through the cellular matrix before reaching the catalyst. The heating cellular structure is designed to dissipate an inhomogeneous thermal power in a section perpendicular to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases, such that the temperature of the exhaust gases at the outlet of the heating cellular structure is homogeneous in a section perpendicular to the direction of flow of the exhaust gases.

Subject of the invention is an exhaust gas purification system for a gasoline engine, comprising in consecutive order the following devices: a first three-way-catalyst (TWC1), a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) and a second three-way-catalyst (TWC2), wherein the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of the TWC2 is greater than the OSC of the GPF, wherein the OSC is determined in mg/l of the volume of the device. The invention also relates to methods in which the system is used and uses of the system.

Systems and methods for controlling a gasoline urea selective catalytic reductant catalyst are described. In one example, an observer is provided that corrects an estimate of an amount of NH.sub.3 that is stored in a SCR. The amount of NH.sub.3 that is stored in the SCR is a basis for generating additional NH.sub.3 or ceasing generation of NH.sub.3.