A system for controlling reductant spray momentum for a target spray distribution includes an exhaust system having an exhaust conduit with exhaust flowing therethrough, a reductant injection system for injecting reductant into the exhaust flowing through the exhaust system based on one or more injection parameters, a reductant supply system for supplying reductant to the reductant injection system based on one or more supply parameters, and a controller. The controller is configured to access current vehicle, engine, exhaust, or reductant condition parameters, determine one or more control parameters based on a control model and the accessed current CZ vehicle, engine, exhaust, or reductant condition parameters, and modify a value of the one or more injection parameters or the one or more supply parameters to control the reductant spray.

Systems, methods, and apparatuses are provided for increasing exhaust gas temperature. A system includes a valve and a controller coupled to the valve. The controller is structured to determine that a plurality of cylinders of an engine are active; compare an exhaust aftertreatment temperature to an exhaust aftertreatment temperature setpoint; and in response to the comparison, adjust an effective flow area for exhaust gas from the plurality of cylinders of the engine to increase an exhaust gas temperature.

A method for determining a presence of a particle filter in the exhaust gas tract of a petrol-operated internal combustion engine comprises: determining a measured differential pressure curve from a first pressure curve measured in the exhaust gas tract using a first pressure sensor arranged upstream of an installation position of the particle filter, and a second pressure curve measured using a second pressure sensor arranged downstream of an installation position determining a first result curve with a first low-pass filtration of the measured differential pressure curve; determining a second result curve by means of a second low-pass filtration of the first result curve; determining a first differential result curve by forming the difference between the first result curve and the second result curve; determining a first amount result curve by forming the amount of the first differential result curve; determining an expected differential pressure curve.

Methods and systems are provided for diagnostics of a gasoline particulate filter in an exhaust system. In one example, a method may include indicating degradation of a hose coupled across a particulate filter responsive to a difference between a first differential pressure and a second differential pressure being greater than a threshold, the first differential pressure measured by a differential pressure sensor positioned in the hose responsive to a downstream exhaust tuning valve being fully open, the second differential pressure measured by the differential pressure sensor responsive to the exhaust tuning valve being fully closed.

An engine system comprises a two stroke engine, an exhaust manifold, a tuned pipe coupled to the exhaust manifold and a turbocharger coupled to the engine. The turbocharger comprises a turbine inlet coupled to the exhaust manifold through the tuned pipe, and a turbine outlet coupled to an exhaust pipe. A silencer is coupled to the exhaust pipe. A bypass pipe has a first end coupled to the tuned pipe and a second end bypassing the turbine outlet and a wastegate disposed in the bypass pipe.

An exhaust system includes an exhaust pressure sensing system having sensor conduits structured to fluidly connect to an exhaust conduit in an exhaust system and feed exhaust to a differential pressure sensor. The differential pressure sensor produces a pressure signal indicative of a pressure drop across an exhaust aftertreatment element such as an exhaust filter. A plugging-mitigation conduit provides an always-open leakage path to convey condensate in a stream of leaked exhaust between the sensor conduits to prevent formation of deposits that can impact pressure sensing accuracy.

A method for checking the plausibility of a pressure sensor that, during the measurement of a differential pressure, records measured values, whereby the measured values from the pressure sensor are compared to reference values for the differential pressure calculated on the basis of a model; whereby in order to determine the plausibility, at least one deviation of the measured values from the reference values and a difference between a first slope of the changing measured values and a second slope of the changing reference values over the curve of the measured values are taken into account.

Using machine learning for cylinder misfire detection in a dynamic firing level modulation controlled internal combustion engine is described. In a classification embodiment, cylinder misfires are differentiated from intentional skips based on a measured exhaust manifold pressure. In a regressive model embodiment, the measured exhaust manifold pressure is compared to a predicted exhaust manifold pressure generated by neural network in response to one or more inputs indicative of the operation of the vehicle. Based on the comparison, a prediction is made if a misfire has occurred or not. In yet other alternative embodiment, angular crank acceleration is used as well for misfire detection.

A transport refrigeration unit (TRU) is provided and includes a power generation unit, a catalytic element, a tubular element fluidly interposed between the power generation unit and the catalytic element and a control System. The control System is disposed and configured to control operations of the power generation unit in accordance with readings of sensed characteristics of fluid flows between the power generation unit and the catalytic element.

A heater system for an exhaust system is provided. The heater system includes a heater disposed in an exhaust conduit. The heater includes a plurality of heating elements disposed in the exhaust conduit. A heating control module controls the plurality of heating elements differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating element. In other forms, the heater system for an exhaust system has a plurality of heating zones, instead of a plurality of heating elements. The heating control module controls the plurality of heating zones differently according to operating conditions specific to each heating zone.