Estimating soot comprises connecting exhaust pipe to engine, exhaust pipe has diesel oxidation catalyst and diesel particulate filter. Fuel injector is connected to exhaust pipe upstream from diesel oxidation catalyst and diesel particulate filter. Delta exhaust pressure sensor measures difference in exhaust pressure at inlet and outlet to diesel particulate filter. Controller is connected to fuel injector and to delta exhaust pressure sensor. Controller determines when to conduct active regeneration of diesel particulate filter based on estimated amount of soot accumulated therein. Controller, in first regeneration mode, causes fuel injector to inject fuel at first rate into exhaust stream, and re-evaluates soot accumulated within diesel particulate filter under increased volumetric flow of exhaust stream. Controller, in second regeneration mode, causes fuel injector to inject fuel at second rate, larger than first rate, into exhaust stream to combust soot trapped in diesel particulate filter.

A method to determine the actual quantity of metal powders or ashes trapped in a particulate filter, which involves determining an estimated value of the quantity of metal powders trapped in the particulate filter based on an estimation model; determining a measured value of the quantity of metal powders trapped in the particulate filter; updating the estimated value of the quantity of metal powders trapped in the particulate filter as a function of the measured value; and determining the actual quantity of metal powders or ashes trapped in a particulate filter as a function of the update of the estimated value of the quantity of metal powders trapped in the particulate filter.

A structure of a metal fiber constituting a filter is set to a structure in which a cross-sectional shape of the metal fiber is a curved or bent shape and an outer member and an inner member having a linear expansion coefficient greater than that of the outer member are bonded to each other. Accordingly, the metal fiber is deformed to warp to the outer member side in the length direction thereof when the temperature of the metal fiber increases. When a amount of deformation per unit temperature of the metal fiber is defined as a deformation rate, a amount of change of the deformation rate per unit time changes at a predetermined deformation temperature with the increase in temperature. The deformation temperature is set to a temperature higher than a target temperature of a filter regenerating process.

A system includes an exhaust aftertreatment system including a particulate filter and a controller. The controller is configured to: receive information comprising a temperature regarding a filter of the aftertreatment system; and responsive to determining that the temperature regarding the filter is below a temperature threshold, command the engine to operate according to a first firing fraction. The first firing fraction may define a number of active cylinders of the engine relative to a total number of cylinders of the engine, and correspond to a predetermined temperature value of the filter.

A method for determining the aging of an oxidation catalyst in an exhaust gas aftertreatment system of an internal combustion engine, having the following steps: ascertaining a soot burn rate of a particle filter of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system; adapting a function having at least one adaptation parameter to the soot burn rate dependent on at least one variable, a value of the adaptation parameter depending on an aging of the oxidation catalyst; and determining the aging of the oxidation catalyst using the adaptation parameter value ascertained by adapting the function.

A method includes initiating a low engine-out NOx (LEON) mode by controlling a component of a vehicle having an aftertreatment system to decrease an instantaneous engine-out NOx (EONOx) amount. The method also includes comparing a temperature of the aftertreatment system to a threshold temperature. The method also includes responsive to determining that the temperature of the aftertreatment system exceeds the threshold temperature, disengaging the LEON mode. The method also includes responsive to determining that the temperature of the aftertreatment system is below the threshold temperature, comparing a NOx value to a NOx value threshold. The method also includes disengaging the LEON mode responsive to determining that the NOx value exceeds the NOx value threshold.

A control device is configured to estimate a soot deposition amount (PM deposition amount) in a DPF for an exhaust purification device that is configured to purify exhaust of a diesel engine using the DPF, and determine a regeneration timing for the diesel engine based on the estimated PM deposition amount. As a technique of determining the regeneration timing, the control device employs a first determination technique of detecting that the PM deposition amount is a first threshold or more and a state in which the PM deposition amount is the first threshold or more has continued for a first predetermined time and a second determination technique of detecting that the PM deposition amount is a second threshold (>the first threshold) or more and a state in which the PM deposition amount is the second threshold or more has continued for a second predetermined time.

A method and system controls a regeneration of a particle filter of an internal combustion engine. A first value is measured for the oxygen content in exhaust gas upstream from the particle filter. A second value is measured for the oxygen content in exhaust gas downstream from the particle filter. The particle filter is determined to be free of soot when the second value for the oxygen content is equal to the first value for the oxygen content.

In the present invention, a first regeneration process is executed as a process for oxidizing and removing PM accumulated on the particulate filter if a measured value of a differential pressure sensor is not more than a predetermined upper limit value, assuming that the measured value of the differential pressure sensor is a value to be provided in a state in which only PM is accumulated on the particulate filter, when a difference between an estimated PM accumulation amount estimated from an operation history of an internal combustion engine and a PM accumulation amount calculated from the measured value of the differential pressure sensor is not less than a predetermined threshold value, while a second regeneration process is executed without executing the first regeneration process if the measured value is larger than the predetermined upper limit value.

An exhaust gas purification device, including a diesel particulate filter (DPF) for collecting particulate matter contained in an exhaust gas, a forced regeneration unit or performing forced regeneration, a capacitance detection unit for detecting a capacitance of the DPF, a total accumulated amount estimation unit for estimating a total amount of accumulated particulate matter and ash collected in the DPF on the basis of the detected capacitance, and an ash accumulated amount calculation unit for calculating an amount of accumulated ash by using, as the amount of accumulated ash, the total amount of accumulation which is estimated when the forced regeneration finishes.