A method for parameter estimation in an electromagnetic actuator having an electrical coil and an armature includes applying a voltage pulse to the electrical coil of the actuator prior to an actuator event and of sufficient duration to ensure that a resulting electrical current achieves steady state. At least one parameter of the actuator is estimated based upon the voltage pulse and the steady state current.

A method for parameter estimation in an electromagnetic actuator having a main coil and a search coil includes driving a current through the main coil, determining a main coil voltage, determining a search coil voltage, determining a main coil current, and estimating at least one parameter of the actuator based on the main coil voltage, the search coil voltage and the main coil current.

Various methods for controlling a wastegate actuator are provided. In one example, a method comprises adjusting one or more wastegate controller gains responsive to limiting current supplied to a wastegate actuator, the current limited in response to a temperature of the wastegate actuator exceeding a threshold.

A work apparatus has an internal combustion engine and a starter device for starting the engine. Within a housing of the work apparatus, a first electrical component is arranged at a first location and a second electrical component is arranged at a second location. A control unit is provided which is connected to the first electrical component and to the second electrical component. The control unit detects a first temperature-dependent value of the first electrical component at the first location, and a second temperature-dependent value of the second electrical component at the second location, and identifies the starting conditions as a function of these values. The first electrical component is a first actuator and the second electrical component is a second actuator or a sensor.

A method and an apparatus for monitoring a temperature of a coil wire of a solenoid valve are provides. An actuation signal has actuation intervals which follow one another is used in this case, wherein a start pulse, which causes an increase in current in the coil wire of the magnet coil and has a prespecified pulse duration, and a pulse sequence, which follows the start pulse and has a duty cycle, are provided in each actuation interval. The current intensity of the current flowing through the coil wire of the solenoid valve is measured at two different times during the increase in current, and the current gradient is subsequently calculated from the measured current intensities. A prespecified threshold value for the current gradient is then compared with the calculated current gradient.

An in-vehicle engine control apparatus allowing split injection frequency or split injection of fuel while preventing a driving switch element for fuel injecting electromagnetic coils and a boosting switch element for generating a boosted high voltage from being overheated. An operation control circuit portion has reference data of measured environmental temperature vs allowable engine rotational speed with a selected value of the split injection frequency being a parameter, and determines the selected value having, as an upper limit, a split injection frequency which makes the internal temperature of the boosting switch element or a rapidly exciting switch element a predetermined allowable limit value in association with the present environmental temperature detected by an average environmental temperature detection element in a case and the present engine rotational speed detected by an engine rotation sensor.

A method for operating a high-pressure pump of an injection system and an injection system is provided. The method relates to a switching off of additional pulses, which are applied to a valve of the high-pressure pump, if the determined coil temperature of the valve exceeds a limit value. The method is, for instance, then carried out if additional pulses are applied to the valve to reduce noise (whisper function). Current information and voltage information from the control signal of the valve of the high-pressure pump are used to measure the temperature of the valve and switch off additional current pulses through this information if there is a risk of the valve overheating. The disclosure further describes an injection system of a combustion engine, wherein the injection system comprises a high-pressure pump having a valve and a corresponding control unit.

A fuel injection controller includes an increase control portion applying the boost voltage to the coil to increase a coil current to a first target value, and a constant current control portion applying a voltage to the coil to hold the coil current to a second target value. A threshold is an energization time period that is necessary to reach a boundary point between a seat throttle area of a property line and an injection-port throttle area of the property line from an energization start time point. An initial-current applied time period is from the energization start time point that the boost voltage starts to be applied to the coil to a time point that the coil current is decreased to the second target value. The increase control portion controls the coil current such that the initial-current applied time period is less than the threshold.