An apparatus for controlling a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) system for freezing prevention includes an intake air temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of intake air introduced from outside, at least one engine driving sensor used to diagnose and learn a driving state of an engine, the LP-EGR system configured such that at least a portion of exhaust gas flows into the LP-EGR system as intake air, and a controller configured to perform diagnosis and learning of the driving state of the engine using the at least one engine driving sensor or to operate the LP-EGR system depending on the temperature of the intake air measured by the intake air temperature sensor when coasting conditions of a vehicle are satisfied.

The invention relates to a control method that allows the mean quantity of nitrogen oxides per kilometer covered emitted by a vehicle fitted with an internal combustion engine associated with a post-treatment system to be kept below a predefined fixed threshold, for any journey made by the vehicle. The mean quantity emitted over a fixed elementary distance that has just been covered by the vehicle is calculated iteratively, together with a long-term conformity factor which is equal to the mean quantity emitted over the entire distance covered since the start of the journey. When it is found that the long-term conformity factor is above the threshold, the engine and/or the post-treatment system is regulated in such a way as to obtain, over the next fixed elementary distance, a mean quantity of nitrogen oxides per kilometer that is lower than the threshold value FC, for example equal to 90% of the threshold, whatever the engine operating point. Thus, the long-term conformity factor converges towards the threshold.

An EGR system is configured to allow a part of exhaust gas discharged from an engine to an exhaust passage to flow as an EGR gas to an intake passage through an EGR passage to return to the engine. The EGR system includes a heating film provided on an inner wall of at least one of the intake passage through which the EGR gas flows, i.e., an intake manifold, and the EGR passage, at least one pair of a positive electrode and a negative electrode to energize the heating film, a water temperature sensor and an intake temperature for detecting a warm-up state of the intake passage and the EGR passage, and an electronic control unit configured to control energization of the heating film from before start of EGR based on the detected warm-up state.

Compressor for charging a combustion engine, comprising a compressor housing (1) with a volute (2), a compressor wheel (3) being arranged in the compressor housing (1), the compressor wheel (3) turning about an axis (A) and transporting gas into the volute (2), and an inlet channel (4), at least an end portion of the inlet channel (4) being oriented in the direction of the axis (A) in order to direct gas towards the compressor wheel in the axial direction, wherein an exhaust gas channel (5) terminates into the inlet channel (4) upstream of the compressor wheel (3), and wherein the exhaust gas channel (5) can be shut off by means of a valve (6), wherein a housing (8) of a driving device (7) of the valve (6) is integrally formed with the compressor housing (1).

Compressor for charging a combustion engine, comprising a compressor housing (1) with a volute (2), a compressor wheel (3) being arranged in the compressor housing (1), the compressor wheel (3) turning about an axis (A) and transporting gas into the volute (2), and an inlet channel (4), at least an end portion of the inlet channel (4) being oriented in the direction of the axis (A) in order to direct gas towards the compressor wheel in the axial direction, wherein an exhaust gas channel (5) terminates into the inlet channel (4) upstream of the compressor wheel (3), and wherein the exhaust gas channel (5) can be shut off by means of a valve (6), wherein a housing (8) of a driving device (7) of the valve (6) is integrally formed with the compressor housing (1).

A combustion engine having at least one cylinder, wherein the at least one cylinder has a main combustion chamber for burning a fuel/air mixture or a fuel/air/exhaust gas mixture and has a flushed prechamber connected to the main combustion chamber via at least one overflow duct on the fluid side, and comprises at least one exhaust gas turbocharger which has a turbine for the expansion of the at exhaust gas leaving the at least one cylinder and a compressor for compressing fresh air or a fresh air/exhaust gas mixture to be supplied to the at least one cylinder as compressed charge-air. For the supply of the combustion chamber, a combustion chamber charge-air line is disposed in a charge-air line downstream of the compressor and for the supply of the prechamber, a prechamber flushing line branching off at an extraction point is formed.

A camshaft includes, as a cam that opens and closes an exhaust valve and an intake valve, a ball cam whose protrusion amount changes according to rotation of the camshaft, wherein the camshaft has a double structure consisting of an inner shaft and an outer shaft provided in a manner that the inner shaft is helically displaced with respect to the outer shaft around an axis of the camshaft according to a rotation speed of the camshaft, and the ball cam is accommodated movably in a guide groove provided in the inner shaft and protrudes from the outer shaft, and a protrusion amount of the ball cam from the outer shaft changes when the ball cam moves in the guide groove due to the helical displacement of the inner shaft with respect to the outer shaft.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with an air intake system and an exhaust system is embodied as an internal combustion engine, in particular a gasoline engine, that is charged by means of an exhaust gas turbocharger. At least one three-way catalytic converter is arranged in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system is provided that connects the exhaust system downstream from a turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and upstream from the at least one three-way catalytic converter to the air intake system upstream from a compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger. The invention further relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment of such an internal combustion engine.

The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with an air intake system and an exhaust system is embodied as an internal combustion engine, in particular a gasoline engine, that is charged by means of an exhaust gas turbocharger. At least one three-way catalytic converter is arranged in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, a low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation system is provided that connects the exhaust system downstream from a turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger and upstream from the at least one three-way catalytic converter to the air intake system upstream from a compressor of the exhaust gas turbocharger. The invention further relates to a method for exhaust aftertreatment of such an internal combustion engine.

The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system provided herein utilizes a crossover (X) valve that is selectively activated at the direction of the electronic control module (ECM) to mix the high temperature (HT) and low temperature (LT) circuits of the EGR system under certain predetermined operating conditions. Thus, HT circuit fluid (at engine temperatures) is selectively fed into the LT circuit fluid (at ambient temperatures) to heat certain LT circuit components that are normally cooled by the LT circuit before starting the low pressure (LP) EGR in certain cold cycles. When this heating is finished, the X valve is closed to provide normal HT circuit/LT circuit fluid separation. The X valve can be controlled using a rotational actuator or the like. To avoid exposing the LT circuit to the high revolution-per-minute (RPM) operating conditions of the HT circuit, a HT bypass mechanism is provided.