A thermal protection apparatus is disclosed. The thermal protection apparatus may comprise a thermally insulative layer positioned proximate to a portion of a structure having a dimensional transition, wherein the dimensional transition is thermally protected.

Ventilation duct connector piece for connection with ventilation ducts or connector pieces, formed by two complementing parts (10a, 10) providing a flow space (4) and having at least two open ends (12), each part (10a, 10b) comprising a fibre layer (2) and an inner layer (3), wherein the fibre layer (2) comprises mineral fibres and a binder, compressed into a desired shape, the fibres having a melting point over 800 degrees Celsius, the inner layer (3) is a stainless-steel foil having a thickness of 0.01-0.3 mm, facing the flow space (4).

A method of manufacturing the connector piece wherein the steel foil is pressed into two complementing parts, joined along its edges; a binder solution is sprayed on a fibre layer and compressed into two complementing parts under heated conditions, so water evaporates, whereafter two fibre parts are positioned on the two steel foil parts.

A branch pipe branches fluid from an inflow portion into a first outflow portion and a second outflow portion. The middle portion of the first outflow portion is curved so that the axis of the pipe at the outlet of the first outflow portion is aligned with the axis of the pipe of the inflow portion.

A thermal protection apparatus is disclosed. The thermal protection apparatus may comprise a thermally insulative layer positioned proximate to a portion of a structure having a dimensional transition, wherein the dimensional transition is thermally protected.

A wrap-around heat shrinkable protective jacket is used on conduits such as cables, pipes or tubes carrying liquids, gas or electricity to name a few. The protective jacket is applicable to junction blocks, junction tees and wire harnesses and to protect or repair damaged areas of such configurations. A lay-flat design is used to easily install around existing cables, pipes or tubes. A shrinkable material is used to secure and protect these cables, pipes or tubes. Other materials can be added to the jacket interior for additional protection.

A flowline branch structure (10) has at least one inner branch assembly with an inner flowline branch and at least one inner flowline pipe attached to and communicating with the inner flowline branch. At least one outer branch assembly (12) of the flowline branch structure has an outer branch housing disposed around the inner flowline branch and at least one outer pipe (14) disposed around the inner flowline pipe and attached to the outer branch housing. A generally annular space is defined between the inner and outer branch assemblies. At least one wiring element including an electrical heating element is disposed in the sealed space on an outer side of the inner branch assembly. The, or each, wiring element extends in one continuous length across an interface between the inner flowline pipe and the inner flowline branch. This reduces the number of connections necessary to create the flowline branch structure.

The present invention relates to a process to reduce internal stresses in insulation molded onto complex pipes, preferably complex subsea pipe, to reduce cracking in the molded insulation. Insulation materials applies to complex pipes comprising branches, i.e., valves, and the like, may be susceptible to cracking at, or near where the branch connects to the pipe as the coating of insulation material cures or hardens. The process of the present invention aims to reduce post molded cracking by reducing molded in stress at the branch/pipe junction. This is accomplished by providing a preform at or near a branch/pipe junction prior to applying the coating of insulation material.

A thermal protection apparatus is disclosed. The thermal protection apparatus may comprise a thermally insulative layer positioned proximate to a portion of a structure having a dimensional transition, wherein the dimensional transition is thermally protected.

A flowline branch structure (10) has at least one inner branch assembly with an inner flowline branch and at least one inner flowline pipe attached to and communicating with the inner flowline branch. At least one outer branch assembly (12) of the flowline branch structure has an outer branch housing disposed around the inner flowline branch and at least one outer pipe (14) disposed around the inner flowline pipe and attached to the outer branch housing. A generally annular space is defined between the inner and outer branch assemblies. At least one wiring element including an electrical heating element is disposed in the sealed space on an outer side of the inner branch assembly. The, or each, wiring element extends in one continuous length across an interface between the inner flowline pipe and the inner flowline branch. This reduces the number of connections necessary to create the flowline branch structure.