An apparatus and a method is provided for continuously drying bulk goods, in particular wood fibers and/or wood chips, in a dryer, wherein the drying vapors are led to a dryer circuit, in which the drying vapors are indirectly heated via a heat-exchanger and are conducted to the dryer again.

An apparatus and a method are provided for continuously drying bulk goods, in particular wood fibers and/or wood chips, in a dryer, wherein the drying vapors are led to a dryer circuit, in which the drying vapors are indirectly heated via a heat-exchanger and are conducted to the dryer again.

A family of optimised cyclones has been surprisingly detected, when incorporating into cyclone calculation the interparticle agglomeration phenomenon, the main cause of the capture of submicrometric particles by greater particles preferably having diameters of 10-20 m, the family of optimised cyclones having a geometry defined by the following non-dimensional parameters: a/D 0.110-0.170; b/D 0.110-0.170; s/D 0.500-0.540; D e/D 0.100-0.170; h/D 2.200-2.700; H/D 3.900-4.300; D b/D 0.140-0.180, wherein a and b are the sides of the tangential cyclone entrance, which has a rectangular cross-section, and the first of these sides is parallel to the axis of the cyclone, which has a body of height H with a cylindrical upper section having an inner diameter D and a height h, and a lower section with an inverted truncated cone shape with a minor base having the diameter D b; and a cylindrical vortex tube of height s and diameter De (inner dimensions). Global efficiency is maximised in that the efficiency for finer and/or less dense particles, which are the most difficult to capture, is maximised.

To provide a method with which it is possible to ascertain a gas concentration in a furnace rapidly, and to charge an amount of fuel and/or oxygen corresponding to the state within the furnace, and with which it is possible to reduce the device maintenance load. In order to solve the abovementioned problem, this method for analyzing components contained in flue exhaust gas of a furnace includes: a sampling step of collecting a portion of the flue exhaust gas from a flue; a dust removal step of using a centrifugal dust collecting device to separate out dust in the flue exhaust gas collected in the sampling step, to yield an analysis gas; a measuring step of measuring components in the analysis gas to obtain the concentration of carbon monoxide in the analysis gas; and an analysis gas discharging step of causing the analysis gas to be sucked by an ejector.

A cyclone separator is disclosed. The cyclone separator includes a housing that forms a separation chamber, a central cylinder made of a non-metal refractory material and located inside the housing, and a support structure that supports the central cylinder. The separation chamber is divided by the central cylinder into an outer separation chamber and an inner separation chamber. The separation chamber includes an inlet and an outlet that are in communication with the outer and inner separation chambers, respectively. The support structure comprises a hollowed-out upwardly-arched structure that is connected to an inner wall of the separation chamber by continuous pouring or masonry, with an arch face of the support structure being connected to a lower end of the central cylinder to support the central cylinder. The central cylinder is connected to both the housing and the supporting structure by continuous pouring or masonry.

A ground supported power boiler is described combining a refractory lined and insulated conical floor; an insulated cylindrical combustion chamber; a cylindrical furnace with water tube wall; a rectangular convective section; a single vertical steam drum; tangential injection of the fuel and combustion air; means for fluidizing the fuel bed; means for selectively stripping particulates from the flue gases; multi-stage particulate stripping and filtering from flue gases, means for using the walls of steam drum as steam/water droplet separator, means for recirculating and capturing heat from the flue gases; means for pressurizing the interior of the boiler above atmospheric pressure; means for heating and drying fuel prior to feeding the fuel to the boiler; means for creating hydrogen shift reaction; means for eliminating any need for sootblowing; and designed to not require the use of an induced draft fan.

Fractionation, the process used by refineries to break down carbon chains of petroleum compounds so that the desired carbon compound can be achieved. This process typically involves high heat, distillation, re-boiling, and energy intensive cooling processes. This application discloses an invention that will condense vapor produced by a pyrolysis reactor. This system uses one standard cyclone; three cascading cyclones with internal cyclonic rotation fins that force incoming vapor to maintain a fixed amount of rotation regardless of the vapor's velocity, heat sinks that increase condensation, reversing fins that force gases to reverse direction inside the cyclone decreasing vapor velocity to increase heat loss; a main collection tank that allows for the controlling of the fuel flash point; a compact low temperature coil cooler that uses 100 percent of the cooling surface that allows for the production of higher quality fuel; and, bubblers/scrubbers that produce back pressure into the pyrolysis reactor.

A bio-fuel furnace for use in waste management, non-combustible particulate collection and useable energy production. The bio-fuel furnace includes a combustion unit, a particle separator, an airflow management system. The combustion unit includes a modular ceramic core of stacked cylindrical sections, which store thermal energy. The stacked core sections form an internal combustion chamber and an expansion chamber. The airflow management system regulates airflow through the combustion unit and the particle separator forcing super heated ambient air into the combustion unit and drawing exhaust air from the particle separator to precisely control both the combustion process and the storage of useable thermal energy. The airflow management system includes a series of preheat coils wrapped around the ceramic core, an inlet fan which forces ambient air through the coil into the combustion unit and an exhaust fan that draws exhaust air through the separator and from the combustion unit.

A method for recapturing sulfur in a chemical looping system includes receiving a flue gas stream containing a sulfur-containing species, reducing a temperature of the flue gas stream, introducing a calcium-based makeup material to the reduced temperature flue gas stream, capturing the sulfur-containing species from the reduced temperature flue gas stream, and recycling the sulfur-containing species to a reducer of the chemical looping system.

The present invention provides methods and system for power generation using a high efficiency combustor in combination with a CO.sub.2 circulating fluid. The methods and systems advantageously can make use of a low pressure ratio power turbine and an economizer heat exchanger in specific embodiments. Additional low grade heat from an external source can be used to provide part of an amount of heat needed for heating the recycle CO.sub.2 circulating fluid. Fuel derived CO.sub.2 can be captured and delivered at pipeline pressure. Other impurities can be captured.