Device (1) for producing hot liquid, comprising:—a tank (2) of liquid, —a system (6) for heating the contents of the tank (2), —a heat exchanger (7) comprising a primary circuit (8) equipped with a fluid inlet (8A) and a fluid outlet (8B), a secondary circuit (9) equipped with a fluid inlet (9A) and a fluid outlet (9B) and a region (10) for exchanging heat energy between the primary circuit (8) and the secondary circuit (9), —a circuit (11) for circulation in a loop between the tank (2) and the primary circuit (8) of the heat exchanger (7), and —a pump (12) arranged on the circuit (11) for circulation in a loop. The device (1) comprises a valve (31) arranged on the circuit (11) for circulation in a loop between the tank (2) and the primary circuit (8) of the heat exchanger (7), a member (32) for moving the valve (31) between an open position and a closed position, a control unit (17) for controlling at least the pump (12) and the member (32) for moving the valve (31).

Device (1) for producing hot liquid, comprising:—a tank (2) of liquid, —a system (6) for heating the contents of the tank (2), —a heat exchanger (7) comprising a primary circuit (8) equipped with a fluid inlet (8A) and a fluid outlet (8B), a secondary circuit (9) equipped with a fluid inlet (9A) and a fluid outlet (9B) and a region (10) for exchanging heat energy between the primary circuit (8) and the secondary circuit (9), —a circuit (11) for circulation in a loop between the tank (2) and the primary circuit (8) of the heat exchanger (7), and —a pump (12) arranged on the circuit (11) for circulation in a loop. The device (1) comprises a valve (31) arranged on the circuit (11) for circulation in a loop between the tank (2) and the primary circuit (8) of the heat exchanger (7), a member (32) for moving the valve (31) between an open position and a closed position, a control unit (17) for controlling at least the pump (12) and the member (32) for moving the valve (31).

A heating element comprises a main body having a three-dimensional matrix with an open structure including openings and internal voids, cavities and/or pores extending throughout the main body. The three-dimensional matrix is provided as a lattice having a repeating unit cell extending in three directions. The present heating element is adapted for maximised surface area so as to provide an effective and efficient thermal energy transfer medium.

A laser based water heating element formed from at least two components, e.g., a shaft and a laser beam generator, wherein the shaft and laser beam generator of the laser based water heating element are axially aligned, i.e., the shaft is centered on the laser beam generator, where the laser beam generator is a self-contained green, infrared and red-line laser module with an integrated laser driver circuit, optics and laser diode such that, in operation, the laser beam generator generates a laser beam with an output power that is sufficient to cause the shaft to generate radiant heat and thereby cause the temperature of water within a water heater to rise.

A laser based water heating element formed from at least two components, e.g., a shaft and a laser beam generator, wherein the shaft and laser beam generator of the laser based water heating element are axially aligned, i.e., the shaft is centered on the laser beam generator, where the laser beam generator is a self-contained green, infrared and red-line laser module with an integrated laser driver circuit, optics and laser diode such that, in operation, the laser beam generator generates a laser beam with an output power that is sufficient to cause the shaft to generate radiant heat and thereby cause the temperature of water within a water heater to rise.

A printed circuit board includes a conducting path shaped via a subtractive method and a heating line. The heating line is formed by the conducting path and designed to have a predetermined heating power for a heating fluid. The printed circuit board further includes a heat dispersion layer designed for transferring heat to the fluid. A heater includes such a printed circuit board.

A heater includes a flow guide and a plurality of electrical resistance heating elements. The flow guide defines a continuous geometric helicoid disposed about a longitudinal axis of the heater assembly. The flow guide defines a predetermined pattern of perforations that extend in a longitudinal direction through a first longitudinal length of the geometric helicoid, the longitudinal direction being parallel to the longitudinal axis. The plurality of electrical resistance heating elements extend through the perforations. At least one electrical resistance heating element of the plurality of electrical resistance heating elements has a first region with a first watt density and a second region with a second watt density. The second region is located farther in the longitudinal direction than the first region. The second watt density is less than the first watt density.

The present disclosure discloses a dynamic equivalent circuit of a combined heat and power system, and a working method thereof. Controlled sources are used to represent a thermoelectric coupling source; equivalent inductance is used to represent a delay of a heat transmission pipeline; equivalent resistance is used to represent a heat load and a heat loss of the heat transmission pipeline; and equivalent capacitance is used to represent a heat storage water tank. A circuit model is used to uniformly represent two thermoelectric heterogeneous energy sources, and a single power simulation tool may be used to simulate a combined heat and power system, so that the simulation system has a simple structure and is easy to develop and maintain.

The present disclosure discloses a dynamic equivalent circuit of a combined heat and power system, and a working method thereof. Controlled sources are used to represent a thermoelectric coupling source; equivalent inductance is used to represent a delay of a heat transmission pipeline; equivalent resistance is used to represent a heat load and a heat loss of the heat transmission pipeline; and equivalent capacitance is used to represent a heat storage water tank. A circuit model is used to uniformly represent two thermoelectric heterogeneous energy sources, and a single power simulation tool may be used to simulate a combined heat and power system, so that the simulation system has a simple structure and is easy to develop and maintain.

Described is a liquid heater having a housing, in which a flow channel runs from an inlet to an outlet, a heating resistor arranged within the housing for heating liquid flowing through the flow channel, control electronics which are arranged in an interior space of the housing, the interior space being sealed off from the flow channel, and a plug connector attached to the housing. Provided according to this disclosure, the plug connector has a vent duct which is closed by a membrane and which leads to the interior space sealed against the ingress of liquid, in which interior space the control electronics are arranged.