A chemical heat storage device includes a reactor disposed around an oxidizing catalyst and containing MgCl.sub.2 which chemically reacts with NH.sub.3 to generate heat, a storage connected to the reactor through a pipe to store NH.sub.3, an on-off valve disposed in the pipe, a temperature sensor detecting the temperature of the exhaust gas passing through the oxidizing catalyst, and a controller controlling the on-off valve based on the detected value of the temperature sensor. The controller controls the on-off valve such that the on-off valve unconditionally opens if the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than a heat generating start temperature T.sub.L and is equal to or less than a heat generating end guide temperature T.sub.Q, and the on-off valve unconditionally opens if the temperature of the exhaust gas is greater than a regenerating temperature T.sub.H.

The invention relates to a device for generating ammonia from an ammonia precursor solution, having a reaction space with an inflow connector through which an exhaust-gas flow can flow into the reaction space, having an outflow connector through which an ammonia-containing gas flow can exit the reaction space, and having a supply device by way of which selectively an ammonia precursor solution or a fuel can be supplied into the reaction space.

A chemical heat storage device heats a subject to be heated existing in a pipe. The chemical heat storage device includes a reactor that generates heat by chemically reacting with a reaction medium, an absorber that causes an absorbent to absorb and stores the reaction medium, and a connection tube that is connected to the reactor and absorber, for the reaction medium to migrate through. The reactor includes a solid reaction material disposed along an outer peripheral surface of a place where the subject exists in the pipe and a casing that seals the reaction material so as to form a space along an outer peripheral surface of the reaction material. One end of the connection tube is open to the space.

A method of starting up a thermoreactor arranged in an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine includes igniting combustion gas by spark ignition in at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas resulting from the combustion of the combustion gas is fed at least partially to the thermoreactor as an exhaust gas flow. The temperature of the exhaust gas resulting from combustion of the combustion gas is increased by the moment in time of the spark ignition being selected later in comparison with a present moment in time.

A method of starting up a thermoreactor arranged in an exhaust gas flow of an internal combustion engine includes igniting combustion gas by spark ignition in at least one cylinder of the internal combustion engine. The exhaust gas resulting from the combustion of the combustion gas is fed at least partially to the thermoreactor as an exhaust gas flow. The temperature of the exhaust gas resulting from combustion of the combustion gas is increased by the moment in time of the spark ignition being selected later in comparison with a present moment in time.

An exhaust gas treatment system capable of purifying exhaust gas containing moisture includes superheated steam generating pipes (20, 40) and a housing (10). The superheated steam generating pipe (20, 40) is formed of a material capable of generating heat by energization, and has a flow path (200, 400) through which exhaust gas can flow, and moisture contained in the exhaust gas flowing through the flow path is converted into superheated steam by the heat. The housing (10) is provided to accommodate the superheated steam generating pipe, is formed to allow the exhaust gas before being introduced into the flow path to flow therethrough and can preheat the exhaust gas by the heat of the superheated steam generating pipe.

An internal combustion may include a cylinder having a first combustion chamber at one end and a second combustion chamber at an opposing end, first and second cylinder heads located at an end of the first and second combustion chambers, respectively, and a double-faced piston slidably mounted within the cylinder. The piston may be configured to move in the cylinder in a work stroke from one end to another. The work stroke may include an expansion stroke portion and a non-expansion stroke portion. The non-expansion stroke portion may include a momentum stroke portion, and a compression stroke portion. The engine may further include first and second piston rod portions extending from opposite faces of the piston. Passageways in the piston rod portions may be configured to communicate gases between a combustion chamber and other locations.

An apparatus for treatment of gaseous pollutants, the apparatus comprising a reaction portion and a passage. The reaction portion comprises a gas inlet unit, a reaction unit, a combustion unit and a cooling unit. The passage comprises a transverse section, a connection section and a straight section, the transverse section is provided with a top gas inlet in communication with the reaction portion and a lateral gas inlet, the connection section is connected between the transverse section and the straight section, the top gas inlet receives an effluent passing through the reaction portion and then flowing downwards, the lateral gas inlet receives a transverse air flow, and the effluent is driven by the transverse gas flow to form a cyclone and is discharged from an outlet of the straight section by means of the connection section.

A heating unit for an exhaust-gas system of an internal combustion engine includes a heating-unit housing for conducting an exhaust-gas in a main flow direction. A plurality of heating elements are arranged in the heating-unit housing and are shaped in a meandering manner. Each heating element has a plurality of plate-like heating sections which follow one another in a heating-element longitudinal direction. The heating sections of each heating element are connected to one another via respective connecting sections. Each heating element has two connection regions which are arranged at a distance from one another. In each connection region, the heating elements are electrically conductively connected to a connection region of a further heating element.

A heating unit for an exhaust-gas system of an internal combustion engine includes a heating-unit housing for conducting an exhaust-gas in a main flow direction. A plurality of heating elements are arranged in the heating-unit housing and are shaped in a meandering manner. Each heating element has a plurality of plate-like heating sections which follow one another in a heating-element longitudinal direction. The heating sections of each heating element are connected to one another via respective connecting sections. Each heating element has two connection regions which are arranged at a distance from one another. In each connection region, the heating elements are electrically conductively connected to a connection region of a further heating element.