The present invention is directed at the integration of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) into the exhaust stream of an internal combustion engine aided by the upstream injection of a fuel, such as a hydrocarbon fuel. The internal combustion engine may be advantageously operated in a lean condition while the SOFC receives the hydrocarbon fuel to promote and maintain optimized fuel cell operation.

There is provided an exhaust-gas aftertreatment arrangement for an internal combustion engine comprising a first catalytic converter, a second catalytic converter arranged in parallel with the first catalytic converter, the first and second catalytic converters being arranged to receive exhaust gas from an engine, a connection pipe fluidly connecting an outlet of the second catalytic converter with an inlet of the first catalytic converter, thereby allowing a flow of exhaust gas through the connection pipe, and an outlet valve arranged in the outlet of the second catalytic converter and downstream of the location of the connection pipe, wherein the outlet valve is configured to control a flow of exhaust gas through the second catalytic converter. There is also provided a method for controlling an exhaust-gas aftertreatment arrangement.

There is provided an exhaust-gas aftertreatment arrangement for an internal combustion engine comprising a first catalytic converter, a second catalytic converter arranged in parallel with the first catalytic converter, the first and second catalytic converters being arranged to receive exhaust gas from an engine, a connection pipe fluidly connecting an outlet of the second catalytic converter with an inlet of the first catalytic converter, thereby allowing a flow of exhaust gas through the connection pipe, and an outlet valve arranged in the outlet of the second catalytic converter and downstream of the location of the connection pipe, wherein the outlet valve is configured to control a flow of exhaust gas through the second catalytic converter. There is also provided a method for controlling an exhaust-gas aftertreatment arrangement.

A reduction method for a catalytic converter in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for reducing the oxygen content in the catalytic converter, in particular after an overrun fuel cutoff mode of the internal combustion engine, the method including first injection of fuel into a first cylinder, the first injection taking place after an ignition point in time of a compression stroke of a first working cycle of the cylinder and including an introduction of the injected fuel from the cylinder into the catalytic converter during an exhaust stroke of the first cylinder.

A reduction method for a catalytic converter in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for reducing the oxygen content in the catalytic converter, in particular after an overrun fuel cutoff mode of the internal combustion engine, the method including first injection of fuel into a first cylinder, the first injection taking place after an ignition point in time of a compression stroke of a first working cycle of the cylinder and including an introduction of the injected fuel from the cylinder into the catalytic converter during an exhaust stroke of the first cylinder.

A fluid atomizer is provided, and the fluid atomizer is used to atomize the fluid into a spray of droplets, and transform the fluid into spray dispersion in the form of intertwined inner conical film and outer conical film layer by atomizing the fluid. The fluid atomizer includes a plurality of inlet channels, at least one swirl chamber, at least one contracting channel, at least one flow passage channel, at least one internal outlet channel, at least one external outlet channel, and at least one channel holder.

A vehicle engine system includes an internal combustion engine, an air induction system configured to supply intake air to the internal combustion engine, and an evaporative emissions control (EVAP) system is configured to selectively supply purge fuel vapor to the EHC for subsequent combustion and rapid heating to a predetermined catalyst light-off temperature. The system additionally includes a booster configured to charge the intake air, and an engine bypass conduit fluidly coupled between the booster and the exhaust aftertreatment system. When the internal combustion engine is off, the booster selectively supplies a flow of intake air through the engine bypass conduit to the exhaust aftertreatment system. The flow of intake air draws purge fuel vapor from the EVAP system into the exhaust aftertreatment system.

A vehicle engine system includes an internal combustion engine, an air induction system configured to supply intake air to the internal combustion engine, and an evaporative emissions control (EVAP) system is configured to selectively supply purge fuel vapor to the EHC for subsequent combustion and rapid heating to a predetermined catalyst light-off temperature. The system additionally includes a booster configured to charge the intake air, and an engine bypass conduit fluidly coupled between the booster and the exhaust aftertreatment system. When the internal combustion engine is off, the booster selectively supplies a flow of intake air through the engine bypass conduit to the exhaust aftertreatment system. The flow of intake air draws purge fuel vapor from the EVAP system into the exhaust aftertreatment system.

A system for injecting fuel into an exhaust pipe and preventing fuel leakage. An exhaust pipe is connected to an engine via an exhaust adaptor and the fuel is injected directly into the exhaust pipe through a fuel injection valve provided in the exhaust adaptor. A lower end of the exhaust adaptor is provided with a lower flange part to which a front end flange part of the exhaust pipe is connected, and a tubular shielding part for preventing the fuel from falling onto flange surfaces and of the front end flange part and the lower flange part protrudes into the exhaust pipe.

A system for injecting fuel into an exhaust pipe and preventing fuel leakage. An exhaust pipe is connected to an engine via an exhaust adaptor and the fuel is injected directly into the exhaust pipe through a fuel injection valve provided in the exhaust adaptor. A lower end of the exhaust adaptor is provided with a lower flange part to which a front end flange part of the exhaust pipe is connected, and a tubular shielding part for preventing the fuel from falling onto flange surfaces and of the front end flange part and the lower flange part protrudes into the exhaust pipe.