An internal combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger, and a flow ratio adjustment device including a branch configured to divide the compressed into first compressed air and second compressed air and a valve device configured to adjust a flow rate of the first compressed air and a flow rate of the second compressed air. The system additional includes a reformer configured to discharge first generated as a result of a reaction between the first compressed air and the fuel gas, a junction configured to generate second gas including the first gas and the second compressed air, an air-fuel mixture generator configured to generate an air-fuel mixture including the second gas and the fuel gas, and a controller configured to determining a ratio of the flow rate of the first compressed air based on the temperature of the air-fuel mixture.

An apparatus and method to desulfurize a biogas containing sulfur. Since biogas is produced by an anaerobic digester from human, animal, kitchen and agriculture's wastes, it is a short term recycled product from the photosynthesis of CO.sub.2, and has a net zero carbon emission. The sulfur compounds in the biogas can be removed by the following steps: (1) converting ail sulfur compounds into H.sub.2S by the hydrogen produced from the biogas over Pt group metal catalysts; (2) adsorbing the H.sub.2S at high temperature by the regenerable Pt group metal catalyst and adsorbents. The desulfurized biogas is further converted by an ATR/CPO reformer or a steam generating reformer to produce various reformates.

An internal combustion engine system includes an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger, and a flow ratio adjustment device including a branch configured to divide the compressed into first compressed air and second compressed air and a valve device configured to adjust a flow rate of the first compressed air and a flow rate of the second compressed air. The system additional includes a reformer configured to discharge first generated as a result of a reaction between the first compressed air and the fuel gas, a junction configured to generate second gas including the first gas and the second compressed air, an air-fuel mixture generator configured to generate an air-fuel mixture including the second gas and the fuel gas, and a controller configured to determining a ratio of the flow rate of the first compressed air based on the temperature of the air-fuel mixture.

A fuel combustion apparatus 2 according to the present invention includes: a combustion cylinder 4; a fuel feed unit 6 that introduces a swirling flow of an air-fuel mixture into the combustion cylinder; an ignition unit 10 including an igniter 32 located in the combustion cylinder 4; an ion detection unit 12 including a detector 40 located in the combustion cylinder 4; and a control unit 14 that adjusts a mixing ratio of the fuel based on a detection result obtained by the ion detection unit 12. Preferably, the fuel is ammonia. Preferably, the detector 40 is located in the vicinity of the igniter 32.

Methods and systems are provided for a multi-fuel engine. In one example, a method includes increasing a temperature reducing mass of a combustion mixture during a transition to multi-fuel combustion from single-fuel combustion.

A method and system are provided for adjusting a speed of a turbocharger compressor using an electric motor in response to a relative substitution rate of first and second fuels in a multi-fuel engine.

Systems and methods for controlling fuel factions delivered to different cylinders are provided. In one example, a controller is configured to, during a single engine cycle and responsive to a first condition, deliver a lower fraction of a first fuel into a donor cylinder in comparison to a fraction of the first fuel being injected into a non-donor cylinder and deliver a higher fraction of a second fuel into the donor cylinder in comparison to a fraction of the second fuel being injected into the non-donor cylinder.

An internal combustion engine assembly comprising a fuel reformer, a combustion chamber and a controller. The fuel reformer comprises a first channel and a second channel, a portion of the second channel being adjacent to a portion of the first channel to facilitate heat exchange between the first and second channels. The first channel comprises a catalyst selected to reform ammonia to hydrogen and nitrogen. The first channel is configured to receive ammonia, pass the ammonia over the catalyst and output a first mixture comprising ammonia, hydrogen and nitrogen. The composition of the first mixture depends on a first reformer temperature of the first channel. The combustion chamber is configured to receive the first mixture from the fuel reformer; to receive an oxidant; to combust the first mixture in the oxidant to produce heat and a first product; and to output the first product. The second channel of the fuel reformer is configured to receive the first product.

An internal combustion engine system for a vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, ICE, operable on a low cetane fuel and having a cylinder at least partly defining a combustion chamber and an ignition source for the low cetane fuel; a fuel injector for injecting the low cetane fuel into the combustion chamber; an ignition improver device in fluid communication with the fuel injector and further configured to supply an ignition improver fluid to the low cetane fuel; a control unit configured to selectively operate the ICE in a spark ignition, SI, mode and a compression ignition, CI, mode. The control unit determines an ICE operating condition and controls the ignition improver device to supply a given amount of ignition improver fluid to the low cetane fuel on the basis of said determined ICE operating condition.

An internal combustion engine assembly comprises: a fuel tank for containing fuel comprising alcohol, a reformer unit being in heat exchanging contact with exhaust gases from an exhaust system, for steam reforming of alcohol, a water supply unit connected to a water steam inlet of the reformer unit, and a distiller unit being with a fuel inlet connected to a distiller supply duct that is connected to the fuel tank, an alcohol outlet of the distiller unit being connected to the inlet of the reformer unit. The increased alcohol concentrations at the inlet of the steam reformer result in improved efficiency of the reforming process.