Provided is a construction machine configured so as to prevent wasteful fuel consumption by preventing an engine stall by means of the injection of an appropriate amount of fuel. A backhoe which is a construction machine in which a hydraulic pump is driven by power from an engine is configured so that the output torque characteristics of the engine is set on the basis of the atmospheric pressure detected by an atmospheric pressure sensor which is an atmospheric pressure detection means, and so that a rotational speed is set so that the maximum torque of the engine at a low idle rotational speed is greater than the maximum absorption torque of the hydraulic pump.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavity—particularly on teeth—are disclosed. The apparatus—and accordingly the method—is comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

A method of controlling vacuum pressure for vehicle braking may include checking whether a vehicle is idle or enters a deceleration state, comparing an engine vacuum pressure and a booster vacuum pressure of the vehicle with a preset reference value, checking whether a valve control system of the vehicle is operable when the engine vacuum pressure and the booster vacuum pressure are lower less than the preset reference value, controlling the valve control system when the valve control system is operable; and controlling an air conditioner (A/C) or an alternator of the vehicle when the valve control system is inoperable.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavity—particularly on teeth are disclosed. The apparatus—and accordingly the method—is comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

A two-stroke combustion engine comprising a user-operated throttle control, an adjustable valve arranged to control one or more air intakes of the combustion engine, and a control unit arranged to control a state of the adjustable valve, wherein the combustion engine is arranged to operate in a first idle mode at an idle engine speed below a clutch engagement engine speed when the user-operated throttle control is not engaged, wherein the combustion engine is arranged to operate in a second idle mode at a target engine speed above the clutch engagement engine speed when the user-operated throttle control is engaged and when the engine is not subject to an external load, the control unit being arranged to control the state of the adjustable valve to maintain engine speed at the target engine speed when the engine operates in the second idle mode.

A hydrogen fueled powerplant including an internal combustion engine that drives a motor-generator, and has a two-stage turbocharger, for an aircraft. A control system controls the operation of the motor-generator to maintain the engine at a speed selected based on controlling the engine equivalence ratio. The control system controls an afterburner, an intercooler and an aftercooler to maximize powerplant efficiency. The afterburner also adds power to the turbochargers during high-altitude restarts. The turbochargers also include motor-generators that extract excess power from the exhaust.

A vehicle system includes: an internal combustion engine including an electronically-controlled throttle valve configured to change throttle opening degrees in a step-wise manner among at least three selectable opening degrees, and being mounted on a vehicle; and a control device configured to control the vehicle. The control device includes a required throttle opening degree setting component and a first throttle opening degree selecting component. The first throttle opening degree selecting component is configured to: select, at the time of acceleration of the vehicle, a first throttle opening degree that is greater than the required throttle opening degree and is the closest to the required throttle opening degree; and select, at the time of deceleration of the vehicle, a second throttle opening degree that is smaller than the required throttle opening degree and is the closest to the required throttle opening degree.

A method and apparatus, for treating plaque and calculus in the mouth cavityparticularly on teethare disclosed. The apparatusand accordingly the methodis comprised of introducing at least one first-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing anions precipitation; and introducing at least one second-component comprising a material with a redox potential for preventing cations precipitation.

Disclosed is an engine drive system that uses an open-type regulator as a regulator that rectifies an output and adjusts a voltage of a magneto AC generator driven by an engine. A means is provided that performs a process of increasing an opening degree of an ISC valve for a limited amount of time when a load of the generator is applied, while the engine is idling. Temporarily increasing an output torque of the engine prevents a rotational speed of the engine from dramatically decreasing, or the engine from stalling, during idling.

Methods and systems are provided for improving fuel economy by opportunistically lowering engine idle speed below a base idle speed when electrical loads are not present. A hydraulic brake pressure is increased when the idle speed is raised, in anticipation of vehicle propulsion. The brake pressure counteracts any creep torque and unintended vehicle acceleration resulting from the rising engine idle speed.