Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for emissions control. An emissions monitor module measures at least one pollutant level for an exhaust gas flow produced by a combustion source and treated by a pollution control device. The at least one pollutant level may be controllable based on at least one combustion source operating parameter and at least one pollution control device operating parameter. A control module controls the at least one combustion source operating parameter and the at least one pollution control device operating parameter based on the at least one measured pollutant level.

A control system for an engine including a limiting current sensor, the control system includes an ECU configured to: execute a sweep process for gradually reducing a voltage that is applied to the sensor from a first voltage a second voltage; acquire an extreme value of an output current of the sensor during execution of the sweep process from output currents of the sensor while a voltage included in a specific voltage range is applied to the sensor, the extreme value being predicted to be output; and detect the concentration of SOx in exhaust gas based on the extreme value and a reference value, the reference value being a value of limiting current of the sensor, the value of limiting current of the sensor corresponding to the concentration of oxygen having the constant value.

A sensing and control system and method is disclosed, which utilizes cavity resonance and waveguide measurements to directly monitor process state variables or detect changes in the state of a system and provide direct in situ feedback control top optimize the process. The same system may be used to monitor a number of different process parameters including the composition, amount, distribution, and physical or chemical properties of a material, or to monitor the state or health of a system or sub-system. The system is broadly applicable to wide range of systems and process including ranging from engines and exhaust systems to production plants.

Embodiments of methods and systems related to operating a mobile asset are provided. In one example, a method for operating a mobile asset includes adjusting a fuel combustion ratio of a plurality of mobile assets based on an emission type exceeding a corresponding threshold, wherein the fuel combustion ratio includes a plurality of fuel types.

A control unit is provided for a vehicle having an internal combustion engine which generates exhaust gases when a fuel is burnt. The vehicle has a multiplicity of emission-relevant functions by which a quantity of emissions in the exhaust gases can be changed. The control unit is configured to determine a planning emission value for a planning time period, wherein the planning emission value indicates the quantity of emissions in the exhaust gases in the planning time period. The control unit is further configured to operate the multiplicity of emission-relevant functions within the planning time period as a function of the planning emission value.

A method of operating a dedicated-EGR engine includes providing a rich air-fuel mixture to a dedicated cylinder; combusting the rich air-fuel mixture in the dedicated cylinder; modeling the combustion of the rich air-fuel mixture in the dedicated cylinder; estimating the composition of the combustion products in the dedicated cylinder based on interpolation of chemical reaction models of stoichiometric and rich combustion. The method further includes mixing the combustion products from the dedicated cylinder with air to produce an intake mixture; estimating a mass fraction of reformate and a mass fraction of burned gas in the intake mixture; providing the intake mixture to the intake ports of all of the cylinders of the dedicated-EGR engine; combusting an air-fuel mixture in a non-dedicated cylinder of the engine; and controlling an engine control parameter based on the estimated mass fractions of reformate and burned gas in the intake mixture.

A fuel sensor for a vehicle includes a housing, a fuel composition sensor element disposed within the housing, and two removable and interchangeable fuel connector modules attached to the housing. The fuel composition sensor element comprises an outer cylindrical electrode and an inner cylindrical electrode disposed within and concentric with the outer cylindrical electrode. Both of the fuel connector modules include a flange having a mating surface and an opposing outer surface. The mating surface is configured to removably engage the sensor housing, at either its input side or its output side. Attached to the outer surface of the flange is a fuel connector fitting that is of a standard type configured for connection to a standard fuel connector fitting of the vehicle's fuel system. Use of the removable and interchangeable fuel connector modules eliminates the need for fuel fitting adaptors, thereby reducing the overall size of the sensor.

A method for monitoring an exhaust-gas sensor in which it is determined whether at least one monitored event has occurred by evaluating at least one heat quantity supplied to and/or withdrawn from the exhaust-gas sensor during a period of time, in particular under consideration of a change in the heat quantity stored by the exhaust-gas sensor that occurs during the period of time.

When a crankshaft reversely rotates immediately before a stoppage of an engine, the amount of fuel injection in a cylinder in an expansion stroke is controlled to acquire a target air-fuel ratio in accordance with the amount of air in the cylinder. When the electronic control unit determines that the exhaust valve is opened at the time of reverse rotation, the amount of fuel injection is determined by considering a change in the amount of air due to exchange of gas with an exhaust path.

An internal combustion engine, a method of operating the internal combustion engine, and a controller are disclosed. The method may be implemented in part by the controller and comprises determining a shaft angle of an engine shaft; supplying, to an ion sensor fluidly coupled to a combustion chamber of the engine a low voltage at a beginning of a combustion cycle to generate an ion sensor current and a high voltage during an ionization voltage window based at least in part on the shaft angle, wherein the low voltage is configured to prevent premature ignition of fuel in the combustion chamber and the high voltage exceeds the low voltage and is configured to increase the ion sensor current above a current threshold.