Disclosed are techniques and systems for producing microbials having anaplerotic oils that are rich in odd-chain fatty acids, and other beneficial components, at higher concentrations than those present in other natural dietary sources of OCFA, at lower cost, and higher production yield. Further, disclosed are examples of incorporation of these higher concentration OCFA products into food for human and non-human animal consumption.

Disclosed are techniques and systems for producing microbials having anaplerotic oils that are rich in odd-chain fatty acids, and other beneficial components, at higher concentrations than those present in other natural dietary sources of OCFA, at lower cost, and higher production yield. Further, disclosed are examples of incorporation of these higher concentration OCFA products into food for human and non-human animal consumption.

A non-hydrogenated mixed dairy and non-dairy cream includes the following raw materials in weight percent: non-hydrogenated vegetable oil: 8%-18%; sorbitan monostearate: 0.05%-0.5%; stearyl monoglyceridyl citrate: 0.02%-0.5%; mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids: 0.05%-1%; lactate monoglyceride: 0.02%-1%; sodium stearoyl lactylate: 0.02%-0.5%; sucrose fatty acid ester: 0.05%-0.5%; polyglycerol ester: 0.02%-0.5%; carrageenan: 0.01%-0.1%; microcrystalline cellulose: 0.05%-0.8%; modified cellulose: 0.05%-1%; sodium caseinate: 0.1%-1.5%; potassium dihydrogen phosphate: 0.02%-0.2%; sugar: 2%-6%; glucose syrup: 2%-12%; fat-containing dairy product: 8%-18%; and water: 20%-60%.

Ketogenic compositions include a non-racemic mixture of beta-hydroxybutyrate salts and acid(s) enriched with the R-enantiomer. The compositions are enriched with the R-enantiomer to elevate ketone bodies and increase the rate at which ketosis is achieved yet contains an amount of the S-enantiomer to provide alternative benefits. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid is more rapidly absorbed and utilized by the body than salts or esters, enhances taste, and reduces the need to include citric acid or other edible acids. Beta-hydroxybutyrate salts are more slowly absorbed and utilized by the body and can provide one or more electrolytes. Compositions for increasing ketone body level in a subject may contain a dietetically or pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a non-racemic mixture of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-beta-hydroxybutyrate, wherein the non-racemic mixture of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and S-beta-hydroxybutyrate contains from about 50.5% to 99.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of R-beta-hydroxybutyrate and from about 49.5% to about 0.5% by enantiomeric equivalents of S-beta-hydroxybutyrate.

Embodiments described herein generally relate to liquids, such as aqueous solutions, that contain hydrogen gas and palmitoylethanolamide. In certain cases, the liquids may also include active pharmaceutical agents (e.g., cannabinoids), noble gases, and/or other additives. Such liquids may be useful, for example, for increasing a subject's physical energy levels, for improvement in athletic performance, for the enhancement of the overall health of a subject, or the like. Some embodiments relate to liquids disposed within a container (e.g., a sealed container), such that the liquid comprises hydrogen gas and palmitoylethanolamide dissolved or otherwise contained (e.g., suspended and/or infused) in the liquid. The liquids (e.g., aqueous solutions) described herein may be orally administered to a subject (e.g., drunk by a subject). In certain embodiments, the hydrogen gas and/or palmitoylethanolamide may be present in the liquid at a particular concentration (e.g., a physiologically relevant concentration). Advantageously, the compositions, articles, and methods described herein provide liquids containing hydrogen gas and palmitoylethanolamide that are shelf-stable. For example, the liquid composition may maintain a relatively stable concentration of hydrogen gas and/or palmitoylethanolamide for relatively long periods of time (e.g., at least 7 days).

A modified peanut butter composition is provided that includes natural peanut butter, hard butter, and silica gel or fumed silica. The modified peanut butter can also include maltodextrin and canola oil. A method of producing a modified peanut butter composition is also provided. The method includes heating a natural peanut butter to a temperature of at least 140° F., adding a hard butter to the natural peanut butter, mixing a silica gel or a fumed silica with the hard butter and natural peanut butter until a homogeneous mixture is obtained, and mixing the homogeneous mixture until the temperature is in the range of 115° F. to 130° F.

A mixture for the chewing gum which includes a powder-mixture and of a core composed of normal substances for the manufacture of chewing gum (sorbitol, Arabic gum, aromatic substances) and from the addition of the two active substances of caffeine and taurine in a concentration of caffeine from 0.77% to 3.75% and of taurine from 7.7% to 39.6% by weight. The taste of this mixture is deprived of a significant bitterness by the addition of Galium odoratum (woodruff) in a concentration of from 0.3% to 7% by weight, alternatively, it may be replaced by or supplemented with green tea from 0.2% to 4% by weight, where these additives reduce the bitterness of the mixture. It is also possible to add the above substances directly into the core, where, however, the concentration of the content of those substances is lower.

An object of the present invention is to provide an oil and fat composition that contains unsaturated fatty acid-containing oil and fat and can prepare nursery formulated milk having a satisfactory taste. The following result is found to complete the present invention, that is, in an oil and fat composition in which an aqueous phase is dispersed in an oil phase containing unsaturated fatty acid-containing oil and fat and lecithins, oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid is suppressed, wherein the aqueous phase has one or more selected from ascorbic acid and salts thereof dissolved therein, has pH adjusted to 3.6 or more, and has a predetermined solid content.

Disclosed in the present invention is a composition for treating diarrhea, comprising the following components calculated by weight ratio: Colocasia esculenta and antidiarrheal foods. The composition of the present invention has low cost, available raw materials, is safe and non-toxic, and is suitable for industrial production. The antidiarrheal effect of the product is remarkable. The rehabilitation time for the common diarrhea is 24-48 hours, and for the diarrhea caused by rotavirus is 48-72 hours, and the rehabilitation time is shortened by 2.5 days on average. The effective rate for persistent diarrhea within 5 days is 90.16%. For diarrhea of infants with milk protein allergy during the addition of supplementary feeding, six to eight kinds of foods can be added in one month, and thus the composition is especially suitable for infants and young children.

A novel oleogel is provided comprising an edible oil in an amount of at least 95 wt % combined with a binary wax blend in an amount of less than 5 wt % of the oleogel, wherein the oleogel exhibits less than 10% oiling off and a back-extrusion hardness of greater than 100 g-force. The edible oil may be a high oleic acid-containing oil, such as a vegetable oil having a total monounsaturated fatty acid content of at least about 25% by wt. The binary wax blend may comprise at least two waxes selected from rice bran wax, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, sunflower wax, jojoba oil wax, corn oil wax, sugarcane wax, ouricury wax, beeswax and retamo wax. The oleogel provides an edible fat substitute prepared from oil having a reduced saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid content that may be incorporated in a variety of food products.