A method for operating and/or monitoring an HVAC system (10), in which a medium circulating in a primary circuit (26) flows through at least one energy consumer (11, 12, 13), the medium entering with a volume flow () through a supply line (14) into the energy consumer (11, 12, 13) at a supply temperature (T.sub.v) and leaving the energy consumer (11, 12, 13) at a return temperature (T.sub.R) via a return line (15), and transferring heat or cooling energy to the energy consumer (11, 12, 13) in an energy flow (E). A control unit (21) adaptively operates the system by empirically determining the dependence of the energy flow (F) and/or the temperature difference T between supply temperature (T.sub.v) and return temperature (T.sub.R) on the volume flow () for the energy consumers (11, 12, 13) in a first step, and by operating and/or monitoring the HVAC system (10) according to the determined dependency or dependencies in a second step.

A system and method for climate control of an environment in a building are provided. The system includes a first loop and second loop for circulating a heating medium. The system also includes a boiler, an energy optimizer and a controller. The method involves circulating a heating medium, providing heat to the heating medium, and controlling the boiler based on various inputs.

Provided herein are various systems and methods (i.e., utilities) broadly directed to the generation of hot water using energy derived from renewable energy sources as an alternative to or in conjunction with another power source (e.g., fossil fuel-based energy from a utility provider, an underperforming solar/wind/wind system, etc.). In the various aspects, these utilities are directed to the retrofitting of existing water heaters with electrical heating elements that are connectable to a renewable source of electrical energy. While primarily discussed in relation to retrofitting existing water heaters, various aspects are applicable to OEM manufactured systems. Further, various control methods are provided that allow for enhancing the efficiency of hot water generation, net metering, and/or the generation of renewable energy credits.

A heating system is configured to optimize the speed and accuracy of the system in achieving various ambient air temperature setpoints, by modulating the heated water supply water setpoint to optimize the slope of the system's response curve. Optimized response curves are automatically determined by analyzing differences between ambient air temperatures over time in response to modulated supply water temperatures as they are reset upward or downward to achieve response times prioritized for improved occupant comfort. The controller of the heating system calculates a temperature slope, and adjusts the supply water setpoint to increase/decrease the speed of ambient temperature rise to achieve a desired slope.

An increased efficiency boiler system includes a boiler, a thermostat in operative communication with the boiler and a controller. The controller is in communication with the boiler and the thermostat and selectively exchanges data with the boiler and the thermostat. The controller determines a proportional time period, reflecting how long the thermostat is requesting heat from the boiler within a predetermined time period, in dependence upon the exchange of data. The controller further determining a cycle frequency reflecting the number of times the thermostat is requesting heat from the boiler within the predetermined time period. The controller adjusts an energy input provided to the boiler in dependence upon the proportional time period and the cycle frequency.

A system for controlling building equipment includes building equipment configured to output a resource having a measurable characteristic, a sensor configured obtain a measurement of the measurable characteristic, and a control system. The control system is configured to calculate an additional load factor based on the measurement of the measurable characteristic and a setpoint for the measurable characteristic, obtain an actual load for the building equipment, calculate an effective load based on the additional load factor and the actual load, generate load allocations for the building equipment based on the effective load, and control the building equipment to operate in accordance with the load allocations.

The present disclosure relates to modulating energy consumption by a water provision system installed in a building, including one or more electrical heating elements operable to heat water, a heat pump configured to transfer thermal energy from outside the building to a thermal energy storage medium inside the building and a control module configured to control operation of the water provision system, the water provision system being configured to provide water heated by the one or more electrical heating elements and/or the thermal energy storage medium to one or more water outlets, This can include: determining a level of energy demands of a geographical region comprising the building; and upon determining that the level of energy demands is high, controlling the water provision system to switch from using the one or more electrical heating elements to the thermal energy storage medium for provision of heated water.

Appropriate ventilation for a building space while maintaining building comfort includes tracking one or more interior environmental conditions within the building space and one or more exterior environmental conditions outside of the building space during operation of the HVAC system. An environmental model for the building space is learned over time based at least in part on these tracked environmental conditions, where the environmental model predicts an environmental state of the building space in response to operation of the HVAC system under various interior and exterior environmental conditions. A maximum allowed ventilation rate that can be achieved without causing the HVAC system to compromise on any of one or more comfort conditions of the building space is predicted using the environmental model. The outdoor air ventilation damper of the HVAC system is then controlled to provide an appropriate ventilation up to or at the predicted maximum allowed ventilation rate.

A distributed metering device and method based on a matching coefficient, wherein the room temperature is regulated by means of an on-off controller according to an on-off time area method based heat metering device, and heat meter for the building is distributed to heat consumers according to a ratio of the on-off control valve opening cumulative time, the building area and the radiator power to a design heat load; or multiplying the ratio of heat meter reading of each household divided by heat load per unit area of each household to heat reading of a heat meter of each household of the entire building divided by the sum of the heat load per unit area of each household by the heat meter reading of a settlement point as the user's shared heat according to a heat meter method based household metering device.

A method and an apparatus for real-time analysis of the district heating network is disclosed. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a method for analyzing a district heating network including pipes and fluids inside the pipes includes receiving, by a processor, pipe data representing a structure of the pipes; receiving, by the processor, input data on at least one of the physical state of the district heating network and the flow of fluids; calculating, by the processor, data for at least one of the physical state of the district heating network or the flow of fluids using the pipe data and the input data.