An instantaneous water heater is provided. The instantaneous water heater comprises a heating mechanism, comprising at least two heating components which are independent from each other; a pipeline mechanism, which is assembled on the heating mechanism; the pipeline mechanism comprises a heat exchange section for heat transfer with outside, a water inlet channel for supplying water to the heating components, and a water outlet channel for outputting hot water; the water inlet channel is at least partially surrounded by the heat exchange section; and a control mechanism, which is at least electrically connected to the heating mechanism. The heat exchange section is in contact with the control mechanism to dissipate heat from the control mechanism.

A fluid warming device has a heat exchange body having an input port and an output port and conducts fluid from the input port to the output port. The fluid warming device has a heater assembly configured to transfer heat to the heat exchange body. The fluid warming device may also have a temperature sensor for measuring a temperature of the heater assembly, and a power sensor for measuring a power to the heater assembly. The fluid warming device also has a controller connected to the temperature sensor and the power sensor. The controller calculates a fluid flow rate and a total volume of fluid delivered through the heat exchange body based on the temperature and the power.

A heating unit for heating fluid is described having at least one electrical resistance heating element on an outer surface of a tube. At least one indexed groove is provided around a surface of the tube allowing for at least one retention clip to hold the electrical resistance heating element. A heating chamber is also provided to enclose a portion of the tube and to provide a flow channel therebetween. The heating chamber includes an optical sensor to detect overheating of the at least one electrical resistance heating element. Fluid is heated by flowing over the surface of the at least one electrical resistance heating element and through the tube.

In an illustrative embodiment, a flow-through fluid heating unit includes an annular member, and a heating element deposited on an inner surface of the annular member, the heating element including three sub-heating elements, each sub-heating element being connected to a separate conduit for receiving a separate phase of a three phase electrical power source. The heating unit may include a baffle core including at least one channel providing a fluid flow path, the baffle core being disposed within the annular member and proximate to the heating element. First and second end fittings may be disposed at each end of the annular member, each end fitting including a fluid port for allowing the fluid to flow through the annular member. One of the end fittings may be releasably connected to the annular member to provide access for removal of the baffle core.

The present invention discloses a tubular thick film heater protection apparatus, including: an upper tube, where the upper tube includes an upper tube side surface and a toroid; an outer ring surface of the toroid is integrally connected to an upper portion of the upper tube side surface, a flange downwardly extends along an inner ring surface of the toroid, and a space between the flange and an inner side wall of the upper tube side surface forms an upper groove; and a base, where the base is provided with a lower groove, the base is provided with an elastic contact piece, and a terminal contact of the elastic contact piece can be connected to an electrode through contact; and the base is provided with a wiring terminal. The present invention further discloses a tubular thick film heater with a protection function.

A tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube has a stainless steel cylindrical core. The core ranges about 3 to 300 mm in length and about 100 to 200 microns in thickness with an outer diameter of about 8 to 20 mm. An inner surface of the core has dimples and a conductive coating. A patterned resistive layer overlies the core in a thickness of about 9 to 15 microns. The resistive layer is thin- or thick-film printed about a circumference of the core. Two glass layers surround the resistive layer. Each glass layer is electrically insulative. The glass underlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK while the glass overlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK.

A tube heater for heating a fluid in an interior of the tube has a stainless steel cylindrical core. The core ranges about 3 to 300 mm in length and about 100 to 200 microns in thickness with an outer diameter of about 8 to 20 mm. An inner surface of the core has dimples and a conductive coating. A patterned resistive layer overlies the core in a thickness of about 9 to 15 microns. The resistive layer is thin- or thick-film printed about a circumference of the core. Two glass layers surround the resistive layer. Each glass layer is electrically insulative. The glass underlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of more than 2 W/mK while the glass overlying the resistive layer has a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 0.5 W/mK.

A capillary proximity heating apparatus for heating fluids with high energy savings that has a microfiltration apparatus for the elimination of calcareous particles present in fluids having a proximal end and distal end; a low power electrically operated nozzle connected to the distal end of the microfiltration apparatus; one or multiple capillary tubes with high thermal transmissivity contained internal to the microfiltration apparatus; a bipolar electrical connection connected to the proximal end of the microfiltration apparatus; one or more hydraulic devices for opening and closing the fluid from flowing into the capillary tubes connected to the proximal end of the microfiltration apparatus; and an electronic board with multi-function display for controlling flow and temperature of the fluids and for integration of the electronics of the capillary proximity heating apparatus operably connected to the microfiltration apparatus.

An electric heater (1) comprising:—a metal body (2);—a first pipe (11) and a second pipe (12) provided in the metal body (2), which are mutually distinct so as to be crossed by two distinct flows of fluid to be heated;—a first heating stretch (21), a second heating stretch (22) and a third heating stretch (23) are arranged in the metal body (2); wherein the first pipe (11) and the second pipe (12) are arranged between the first heating stretch (21) and the second heating stretch (22); wherein the third heating stretch (23) is proximal to the second pipe (12) and distal from the first pipe (11); and wherein second pipe (12) is arranged between the first pipe (11) and the third heating stretch (23).

A heating unit for heating fluid is described having at least one electrical resistance heating element on an outer surface of a tube. At least one indexed groove is provided around a surface of the tube allowing for at least one retention clip to hold the electrical resistance heating element. A heating chamber is also provided to enclose a portion of the tube and to provide a flow channel therebetween. The heating chamber includes an optical sensor to detect overheating of the at least one electrical resistance heating element. Fluid is heated by flowing over the surface of the at least one electrical resistance heating element and through the tube.