Liquefaction of industrial gases or gas mixtures (hydrocarbon and/or non-hydrocarbon) uses a modified aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration system (ARP) to chill the gas or gas mixture during the liquefaction process. The gas is compressed to above its critical point, and the heat of compression energy may be recovered to provide some or all of the thermal energy required to drive the ARP. A Joule Thomson (JT) adiabatic expansion process results in no requirement for specialty cryogenic rotating equipment. The aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration system includes a vapour absorber tower (VAT) that permits the recovery of some or all of the heat of solution and heat of condensation energy in the system when anhydrous ammonia vapour is absorbed into a subcooled lean aqua-ammonia solution. The modified ARP with VAT may operate at pressures as low as 10 kPa, and the ammonia gas chiller may operate at temperatures as low as −71° C.

A synthesis gas production process combined with a natural gas liquefaction process. At least one part of the heat source required in the synthesis gas production is provided by at least one portion of a stream enriched in hydrocarbons with more than two carbon atoms, extracted during the liquefaction of the natural gas.

An LNG refrigerant compressor train (1) is disclosed. The train comprises: a driver section (11), drivingly coupled to a compressor section (13) through a shaft line (1). The compressor section is comprised of at least one refrigerant fluid compressor, driven into rotation by the driver section (11).

A proposed method provides a fueled power output augmentation of the liquid air energy storage (LAES) with zero carbon emissions of its exhaust. It combines the production of liquid air using a low-demand power from the renewable or/and conventional energy sources and the recovery of stored air for production of on-demand power in the fueled supercharged reciprocating internal combustion engine (RICE) and associated expanders. An integration between the LAES and RICE makes possible to recover the RICE exhaust energy for increase in power produced by the expanders of LAES and to use a cold thermal energy of liquid air being re-gasified at the LAES facility for cryogenic capture of CO.sub.2 emissions from the RICE exhaust.

Processes for recovering electrical power from a process unit waste heat steam generation system are described. A power-recovery turbine reduces the pressure of a stream of superheated steam to a pressure lower than that needed by the steam reboiler for use in other process units or equipment in the plant.

Power recovery sub-systems, cryogenic energy storage systems, and methods of capturing, storing, and re-using thermal energy are disclosed.

A method for enhancing a LNG production train that includes connected train components. The method may include steps of: constructing an integrated surveillance system for monitoring operation of the train components; using the integrated surveillance system to measure and record operational data and event data related to, respectively, the operation and a failure event of the train components over a historical operating period; performing a correlation analysis that calculates a correlation between the occurrences of the failure event and the operational data; given results of the correlation analysis, deriving a prognostic rule that indicates a likelihood of the failure event occurring based on values of the operating parameters of the operational data; applying the prognostic rule to current values of the operating parameters and determining therefrom the likelihood of the failure event occurring; determining an advisory related to the determined likelihood of the failure event occurring; and issuing the advisory.

Systems and methods are provided for increasing the efficiency of liquefied natural gas production and heavy hydrocarbon distillation. In one embodiment, air within an LNG production facility can be utilized as a heat source to provide heat to HHC liquid for distillation in a HHC distillation system. The mechanism of heat transfer from the air can be natural convection. In another embodiment, heat provided by natural gas, or compressed natural gas, can be used for HHC distillation. In other embodiments, various other liquids can be used to transfer heat to HHC liquid for distillation.

The present disclosure provides a supercritical compressed air energy storage system. The supercritical compressed air energy storage system includes a supercritical liquefaction subsystem, an evaporation and expansion subsystem, a staged cryogenic storage subsystem, a heat storage and heat exchange subsystem, and a cryogenic energy compensation subsystem, the staged cryogenic storage subsystem being used for implementing the staged storage and release of cryogenic energy, improving efficiency of recovering cryogenic energy during energy release and energy storage, and thereby improving cycle efficiency of the system. The present disclosure does not need to provide any inputs of additional cryogenic energy and heat energy input externally, and has the advantages of high cycle efficiency, low cost, independent operation, environmental friendliness, and no limitation on terrain conditions, and it is suitable for large-scale commercial applications.

A proposed method provides a highly efficient fueled power output augmentation of the liquid air energy storage (LAES) through its integration with the semi-closed CO.sub.2 bottoming cycle. It combines the production of liquid air in air liquefier during LAES charge using excessive power from the grid and an effective recovery of stored air for production of on-demand power in the fueled supercharged reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and associated expanders of the power block during LAES discharge. A cold thermal energy of liquid air being re-gasified is recovered for cryogenic capturing most of CO.sub.2 emissions from the facility exhaust with following use of the captured CO.sub.2 in the semi-closed bottoming cycle, resulting in enhancement of total LAES facility discharge power output and suppressing the thermal NOx formation in the ICE.