A hydrogen liquefaction apparatus is provided. The apparatus can include: one or more precooling zones; a plurality of liquefaction zones; a precooling refrigeration cycle configured to provide refrigeration to the precooling zone; and a cold end refrigeration cycle configured to provide refrigeration to the plurality of liquefaction zones, wherein the cold end refrigeration cycle comprises a common recycle compression system, wherein there are M total one or more precooling zones and N total liquefaction zones, wherein M is less than N.

A system for the regeneration of nitrogen energy within a closed loop cryogenic system is described. A liquid nitrogen storage is provided in fluid communication with a first flow line. A pump pumps liquid nitrogen from the liquid nitrogen storage to the first flow line. At least one cryogenic cooling loop is provided in fluid communication with the first flow line. The cryogenic cooling loop has an nitrogen intake and a nitrogen outlet with the nitrogen outlet being positioned downstream of the nitrogen intake. The cryogenic cooling loop has a heat exchanger between the nitrogen intake and the nitrogen outlet. A turbo expander used for re-cooling the nitrogen flowing through the first flow line and the at least one cryogenic cooling loop has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet is provided in fluid communication with the first flow line. The turbo expander is connected to a power source. A second flow line connects the outlet of the turbo expander to the liquid nitrogen storage.

A natural gas liquefaction system includes a piping rack for supporting a raw material gas transporting pipe for transporting the raw material gas; a pre-cooling heat exchanger for pre-cooling the raw material gas with a first refrigerant; a first refrigerant compressor for compressing the first refrigerant; a plurality of first air-cooled heat exchangers disposed on a top of the piping; a liquefier for liquefying the raw material gas which has been cooled by the pre-cooling heat exchanger, wherein the piping rack has a widened section along a part of a length of the piping rack, wherein the pre-cooling heat exchanger and the first refrigerant compressor are disposed on either side of the widened section of the piping rack, and are connected to each other via a first refrigerant transporting pipe extending in a direction intersecting a lengthwise direction of the piping rack for transporting the first refrigerant.

A pretreatment system and method for a floating liquid natural gas (“FLNG”) facility are presented. The inlet natural gas stream flows through a membrane system to remove carbon dioxide and a heat exchanger, producing first and second cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate streams. The first cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate stream is routed to additional pretreatment equipment, while the second cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate stream is routed directly to a LNG train. Alternatively, the inlet natural gas stream may flow through a membrane system to produce a single cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate stream that is routed to the LNG train after sweetening and dehydration. Because the pretreatment system delivers the incoming gas stream to the LNG train at a lower temperature than conventional systems, less energy is needed to convert the gas stream to LNG. In addition, the pretreatment system has a smaller footprint than conventional pretreatment systems.

A pretreatment system and method for a floating liquid natural gas (“FLNG”) facility are presented. The inlet natural gas stream flows through a membrane system to remove carbon dioxide and a heat exchanger, producing first and second cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate streams. The first cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate stream is routed to additional pretreatment equipment, while the second cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate stream is routed directly to a LNG train. Alternatively, the inlet natural gas stream may flow through a membrane system to produce a single cooled CO.sub.2-depleted non-permeate stream that is routed to the LNG train after sweetening and dehydration. Because the pretreatment system delivers the incoming gas stream to the LNG train at a lower temperature than conventional systems, less energy is needed to convert the gas stream to LNG. In addition, the pretreatment system has a smaller footprint than conventional pretreatment systems.

An apparatus for using nitrogen within a closed loop cryogenic system is described. A cryochamber is provided that has a first nitrogen flow line with an inlet for connection to a nitrogen source and an outlet. At least one cryogenic cooling loop is provided that has a nitrogen inlet and a nitrogen outlet. The nitrogen inlet and outlet are in fluid communication with the first nitrogen flow line. The nitrogen inlet is positioned upstream of the nitrogen outlet. A heat exchanger is provided on the at least one cryogenic cooling loops through which the nitrogen passes. The heat exchanger has a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. A turbo expander is in fluid communication with the outlet of the first nitrogen flow line and the nitrogen source. The turbo expander re-cools the nitrogen that passes through the first flow line and the at least one cryogenic cooling loop.

The present invention pertains to a cooling method for liquefying a feed gas, comprising the steps of providing a cooling cycle with a refrigerant stream; dividing the refrigerant stream into a first partial stream and a second partial stream; expanding the first partial stream in a first expansion device; and transferring cooling energy from the expanded first partial stream to a feed gas stream to be cooled, particularly comprising hydrogen and/or helium. Further the method comprises the steps of guiding the expanded first partial stream to a suction inlet of an ejector; and guiding the second partial stream to a propellant inlet of the ejector such that, upon expanding the second partial stream in the ejector, the expanded first partial stream is compressed and merged with the expanded second partial stream.

The module for a natural gas liquefaction apparatus includes: a frame configured to accommodate a device group forming a part of the natural gas liquefaction apparatus; an annex building, which is provided separately from the frame, and is configured to accommodate at least one of a power supply apparatus or a control information output device; and a coupling member, which is configured to couple the frame and the annex building to each other so as to enable the frame and the annex building to be transported as one unit at a time of transportation of the module for a natural gas liquefaction apparatus, and is removed so as to separate the frame and the annex building from each other at a time of installation of the module for a natural gas liquefaction apparatus in a construction site of the natural gas liquefaction apparatus.

The present invention relates to a refrigerant composition. According to the invention it is envisioned that the composition comprises comprising an inert gas selected from nitrogen, argon, neon and a mixture thereof, and a mixture of at least two C.sub.1-C.sub.5 hydrocarbons. The present invention further relates to the use of the refrigerant composition in a method for liquefying a gaseous substance, particularly hydrogen or helium.

An offshore facility for producing a liquefied natural gas using an associated gas includes a crude oil production offshore facility having a crude oil processing device for refining crude oil collected from a subsea well to produce oil, and a gas reinjection device for compressing an associated gas separated in crude oil refining process to be reinjected into a reservoir, and a liquefied natural gas production offshore facility supplied with a feed gas including at least a part of the associated gas from the crude oil production offshore facility, and processing and liquefying the feed gas to generate a liquefied natural gas. The crude oil production offshore facility includes a feed gas supply unit for recovering a back-flow gas formed when an injection gas compressed by the gas reinjection device flows backward and generating the feed gas by using the back-flow gas.