Various embodiments may include a method for controlling the residual gas mass remaining in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine after a gas exchange process and/or the purge air mass introduced into an exhaust manifold during a gas exchange process, the method comprising: specifying at least one of a desired residual gas mass or a purge air mass of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine; determining a setpoint position of an actuator which influences the specified mass, based on an inverse residual gas model; and setting the determined setpoint position of the actuator.

An internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine includes a control device, and at least one injector for liquid fuel. The injector(s) can be controlled by the control device via an actuator control signal. The injector(s) include an injector outlet opening for the liquid fuel which can be closed by a needle. A sensor is also provided for measuring a measurement variable of the injector(s). The sensor is or can be in a signal connection with the control device. An algorithm is stored in the control device, which algorithm calculates a state of the injector(s) based on input variables and an injector model, compares the state calculated via the injector model with a target state, and produces a state signal in accordance therewith. The state signal is characteristic of a change in the state of the injector(s) that occurs during intended use of the injector(s) and/or an unforeseen change in the state of the injector(s). The input variables include at least the actuator control signal and the measurement values of the sensor. A method for operating such an internal combustion engine and an injector is also provided.

An engine assembly includes an engine and a plurality of actuators. The plurality of actuators includes a first turbine serially connected to a second turbine, the first turbine being a relatively high pressure turbine and the second turbine being a relatively low pressure turbine. A controller is configured to transmit respective command signals to the plurality of actuators. The controller is programmed to obtain respective transfer rates for the plurality of actuators based at least partially on an inversion model. The controller is programmed to control an output of the engine by commanding the plurality of actuators to respective operating parameters via the respective command signals. Prior to obtaining the respective transfer rates, the controller is programmed to determine a respective plurality of desired values and respective correction factors for the plurality of actuators.

Various embodiments include a method for adjusting a mass flow through an exhaust-gas recirculation valve mechanically coupled to a throttle flap of an internal combustion engine which has a turbocharger comprising: determining a first setpoint value corresponding to a setpoint opening position of the exhaust-gas recirculation valve; determining a second setpoint value corresponding to a setpoint opening position of the throttle flap; comparing the first setpoint value to the second setpoint value; adjusting the mass flow of the exhaust-gas recirculation valve by varying an opening position of the exhaust-gas recirculation valve if the first setpoint value is higher than the second setpoint value; and adjusting the mass flow of the exhaust-gas recirculation valve by varying an opening position of the throttle flap if the second setpoint value is higher than the first setpoint value.

Techniques for setting a boost target for a turbocharged engine comprise (i) operating the engine in a scavenging mode such that opening of intake and exhaust valves of cylinders of the engine overlap and (ii) while transitioning the engine in/out of the scavenging mode: determining an engine torque request, creating a torque reserve by setting independent targets for throttle inlet pressure (TIP) and intake manifold absolute pressure (MAP), determining a target TIP based on a target total air charge, engine speed, and a previously-determined target engine volumetric efficiency (VE), controlling a wastegate valve based on the target TIP, determining a target MAP based on the engine torque request, and controlling a throttle valve based on the target MAP. During steady-state scavenging operation, the controller calculates a conventional target TIP based on the engine torque request and controls the wastegate valve based on the conventionally calculated target TIP.

A method to determine reference actuator positions for a gasoline engine, includes entering a base torque request, a known spark advance, a known CAM position and a known exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve position into an inverse torque model to generate a first iteration desired air per cylinder (APC) value. The first iteration desired APC value is passed through a deadband filter to produce a filtered first iteration desired APC signal. A Predicted As Cal (PAC) spark advance is calculated for the filtered first iteration desired APC value. The PAC spark advance and the base torque request are modified, and data from a first lookup table is entered to generate a second iteration desired APC value.

A Dual-fuel combustion engine, possessing: a control device at least one combustion chamber at least one gas supply device for supplying a gaseous fuel to at least one combustion chamber, and at least one injector for injecting liquid fuel into the at least one combustion chamber, and which injector is controllable through a control device by the use of an actuator triggering signal, for which at least one injector possesses an output opening for the liquid fuel, which is closable by means of a needle (6), and for which the control device regulates through the use of the actuator triggering signal, the opening of the needle (6) in the ballistic region of the needle in a pilot operating mode of the combustion engine
to which end, an algorithm is stored in the control device, which receives, as input values, at least the actuator triggering signal (t) and, using an injector model, calculates the mass of liquid fuel introduced via the output opening of the injector, and which compares the mass calculated by means of the injector model with a required target value (m.sub.d.sup.ref) of the mass of liquid fuel, and on the basis of the result of such comparison, either leaves the actuator triggering signal (t) unchanged or corrects it, and a process for the operation of a combustion engine and of an injector.

An internal combustion engine including a control device, at least one combustion chamber, and at least one injector for injecting liquid fuel into the at least one combustion chamber is provided. The injector can be controlled by the control device by means of an actuator control signal. An algorithm is stored in the control device, which algorithm receives the actuator control signal and using an injector model calculates the amount of liquid fuel that is discharged via the discharge opening of the injector and compares the amount of liquid fuel calculated by means of the injector model with a desired target value of the amount of liquid fuel. Depending on the result of the comparison, the control device leaves the actuator control signal the same or corrects it.

An internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine includes a control device, and at least one injector for liquid fuel. The injector(s) can be controlled by the control device via an actuator control signal. The injector(s) include an injector outlet opening for the liquid fuel which can be closed by a needle. A sensor is also provided for measuring a measurement variable of the injector(s). The sensor is or can be in a signal connection with the control device. An algorithm is stored in the control device, which algorithm calculates a state of the injector(s) based on input variables and an injector model, compares the state calculated via the injector model with a target state, and produces a state signal in accordance therewith. The state signal is characteristic of a change in the state of the injector(s) that occurs during intended use of the injector(s) and/or an unforeseen change in the state of the injector(s). The input variables include at least the actuator control signal and the measurement values of the sensor. A method for operating such an internal combustion engine and an injector is also provided.

An internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine includes a control device, and at least one injector for liquid fuel that includes a discharge opening for the liquid fuel. The at least one injector is connected to a collection volume by means of a line for liquid fuel. Liquid fuel can flow through the line for liquid fuel from the at least one injector to the collection volume. A control element that can be adjusted by the control device via a control signal is also provided. Via the control element, a back pressure in the line for liquid fuel can be adjusted in order to adjust an amount of liquid fuel discharged through the discharge opening of the at least one injector. Also provided is a method for operating an internal combustion engine and an injector.