A hydraulic system includes: hydraulic actuators; a control valve for controlling the hydraulic actuators; a tank for storing a hydraulic operation fluid; a variable displacement pump for supplying the hydraulic operation fluid to the hydraulic actuators; a regulator for controlling the variable displacement pump; a pilot pump for discharging a hydraulic pilot fluid; a load sensing system for maintaining a differential pressure to be a constant pressure, the differential pressure being obtained by subtracting a second signal pressure from a first signal pressure that is the discharge pressure of the variable displacement pump, the second signal pressure being the maximum one of the load pressures generated in the hydraulic actuators; a signal tube for sending the second signal pressure to the regulator; a throttle provided on the signal tube; and a warm-up circuit for supplying the hydraulic pilot fluid to a downstream side of the throttle.

A compensator spool of a load sensing valve device includes a pressure chamber, a compensator throttle portion, a pressure introduction chamber, a pressure introduction port, a maximum load pressure introduction chamber, and a selector valve. A groove is formed around the pressure introduction port, and a groove moves relatively between a passage communicating with an actuator to reduce an opening area of the pressure introduction port when the compensator spool moves.

Each of left and right direction switching valves includes: a pump port connected to a pump; a first compensation port connected to an upstream side of a corresponding pressure compensation valve; a second compensation port connected to a downstream side of the corresponding pressure compensation valve; a pair of supply/discharge ports connected to a corresponding travel motor; and a communication port. The communication ports of the left and right direction switching valves are connected by a communication line. When a spool shifts from a neutral position by the travel operation device, the pump port communicates with the first compensation port and the second compensation port communicates with one of the supply/discharge ports and the communication port. Each direction switching valve is configured wherein a degree of communication between the second compensation port and communication port increases in a shifting amount of the spool from the neutral position.

A hydraulic control assembly for a plurality of consumers includes, for each consumer, a supply metering orifice configured to control fluid flow. A flow-sensing fluid-flow-path extends over detection orifices positioned hydraulically in series, whereby a detection orifice is assigned to each supply metering orifice. The fluid-flow-path is connected to a hydraulic pump upstream of the detection orifices, and a control device of the hydraulic pump downstream of the detection orifices. Each detection orifice is configured to close the fluid-flow-path upon detecting a fluid supply deficiency for a corresponding consumer, whereby the control device is configured to interact with the fluid-flow-path such that fluid flow from the hydraulic pump is increased. When no customers have a supply deficiency, the fluid-flow-path over the detection orifices is fully opened, and the control device is configured to reduce fluid flow from the hydraulic pump.

A hydraulic system includes a first hydraulic device to be operated by an operation fluid, a second hydraulic device, the second hydraulic device being configured to be operated by the operation fluid, a first control valve to control the first hydraulic device, a second control valve disposed on a downstream side of the first control valve and configured to control the second hydraulic device, a communication tube connecting the first hydraulic device to the first control valve, the communication tube being configured to supply a return fluid that returns from the first hydraulic device to the first control valve, a supply fluid tube connecting the first control valve to the second control valve and being configured to supply the return fluid to the second control valve, and a connection fluid tube disposed on the first control valve, the connection fluid tube connecting the communication tube to the supply fluid tube.

A control valve of hydraulic system for a working machine is provided, which includes a main body and a spool. The main body includes first, second, third, fourth and fifth ports, and first second, third, fourth and fifth inner fluid paths connected to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth ports, respectively. The spool is configured to move between a neutral position and a communicating position allowing fluid communication between the second inner fluid path and the fifth inner fluid path or between the first inner fluid path and the fifth inner fluid path. The spool includes a communicating hole configured to allow the fluid communication between the second port and the fourth port, or between the first port and the fourth port, when the spool is in a position between the communicating position and the neutral position.

When a fluid control valve is opened and closed, the port pressure of fluid control valve is guided to a main relief valve through a first passage, and its maximum pressure is controlled by the main relief valve. At the same time, the port pressure of fluid control valve is guided to pressure compensation valves of the respective fluid control valves. As a result, even when functions having different load pressures are simultaneously operated in the fluid control valves, constant operability can be always secured without depending on the load pressures. In addition, when the fluid control valve, which drives a tilt cylinder for a function of tilting a fork, is opened and closed, the port pressure of the fluid control valve is guided to a secondary relief valve through a second passage, and is also guided to the main relief valve and the pressure compensation valves of the respective fluid control valves through the first passage.

Even where the differential pressure across a directional control valve associated with each actuator is very small, flow dividing control of the plurality of directional control valves can be performed stable, and even where a demanded flow rate suddenly changes at the time of transition from composite action to single action or the like, a sudden change of the flow rate of hydraulic fluid to be supplied to each actuator is prevented to implement superior combined operability. Further, the meter-in loss of the directional control valves can be reduced to implement a high energy efficiency. To this end, a plurality of pressure compensating valves 7a, 7b and 7c for controlling such that the pressure in the downstream side of the meter-in opening of a plurality of directional control valves 6a, 6b and 6c becomes equal to the highest load pressure are individually arranged in the downstream side of meter-in openings of the plurality of directional control valves 6a, 6b and 6c, and demanded flow rates for the directional control valves 6a, 6b and 6c are calculated from input amounts of operation levers. Besides, the meter-in pressure loss of a predetermined directional control valve is calculated from the demanded flow rates for and meter-in opening areas of the directional control valves 6a, 6b and 6c, and the set pressure of the unloading valve 15 is controlled using the value of the meter-in pressure loss.

When a fluid control valve is opened and closed, the port pressure of fluid control valve is guided to a main relief valve through a first passage, and its maximum pressure is controlled by the main relief valve. At the same time, the port pressure of fluid control valve is guided to pressure compensation valves of the respective fluid control valves. As a result, even when functions having different load pressures are simultaneously operated in the fluid control valves, constant operability can be always secured without depending on the load pressures. In addition, when the fluid control valve, which drives a tilt cylinder for a function of tilting a fork, is opened and closed, the port pressure of the fluid control valve is guided to a secondary relief valve through a second passage, and is also guided to the main relief valve and the pressure compensation valves of the respective fluid control valves through the first passage.

A control valve of hydraulic system for a working machine is provided, which includes a main body and a spool. The main body includes first, second, third, fourth and fifth ports, and first second, third, fourth and fifth inner fluid paths connected to the first, second, third, fourth and fifth ports, respectively. The spool is configured to move between a neutral position and a communicating position allowing fluid communication between the second inner fluid path and the fifth inner fluid path or between the first inner fluid path and the fifth inner fluid path. The spool includes a communicating hole configured to allow the fluid communication between the second port and the fourth port, or between the first port and the fourth port, when the spool is in a position between the communicating position and the neutral position.