Hood assemblies for use in flaming crops having effective top, right and left lateral sides, on at least one of said effective top and/or lateral sides there being a double plate arrangement such that insulating air, which is free to flow, is present between said double plates. Distinguishing factors can include, at a longitudinally rearward end thereof, the presence of an upwardly opening chimney structure.

A torch comprising a functional combination of: 1) an ignition system having an internal bluff body wall, said ignition system having an open end and an end in which is present a spark plug; and 2) an elongated fuel line that is secured to said torch so that heat easily passes from hot gas and flame inside said torch thereinto during use, wherein the fuel line has a fuel flow swirl producing element therewithin; and 3) a thermocouple secured in place inside the torch to monitor temperature at a relatively high temperature location therein, such that if the temperature decreases while fuel is still flowing a signal is generated to provide a spark to the spark plug.

The present disclosure generally relates to the introduction of a liquid biomass in heating systems such as commercial boilers in order to reduce dependence on petroleum-based heating fuel oils as a source of combustion fuel. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, and apparatuses utilizing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into commercial and industrial boiler or thermal systems such as boilers, furnaces, and kilns, and methods for generating renewable identification numbers (RINs), alternative energy credits (AECs) and renewable energy credits (RECs).

The present disclosure generally relates to the introduction of a liquid biomass in heating systems such as commercial boilers in order to reduce dependence on petroleum-based heating fuel oils as a source of combustion fuel. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, and apparatuses utilizing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into commercial and industrial boiler or thermal systems such as boilers, furnaces, and kilns, and methods for generating renewable identification numbers (RINs), alternative energy credits (AECs) and renewable energy credits (RECs).

A vaporization pipe for a kerosene lamp has an oil tube, a thermally conductive tube, and a first passage. The oil tube is made of steel and has a vaporization jet on a top of the oil tube. The thermally conductive tube is mounted in the oil tube and forms a first channel. The first passage is disposed between the oil tube and the thermally conductive tube. The steel oil tube can prevent the vaporization pipe from being softened and bent during the preheating of vaporization pipe or burning of the kerosene, and thus a useful lifetime of the vaporization pipe is prolonged. The thermally conductive tube is made of high-thermal-conductivity material for keeping the vaporization pipe with adequate thermal conductivity and improving a burning rate of kerosene. The first passage allows the kerosene to flow upward, preventing the kerosene from being vaporized incompletely because the kerosene is over pressurized.

Described herein are catalytic heating systems, comprising catalytic reactors and dual-mode fuel evaporators, and methods of operating such systems. A dual-mode fuel evaporator is thermally coupled to a catalytic reactor and comprises an electric heater used for preheating the evaporator to at least a fuel-flow threshold temperature. Upon reaching this threshold, the liquid fuel, such as ethanol or methanol, is flown into the evaporator and evaporates therein, forming vaporized fuel. The vaporized fuel is mixed with oxidant, and the mixture is flown into the catalytic reactor where the vaporized fuel undergoes catalytic exothermic oxidation. At least some heat, generated in the catalytic reactor, is transferred to the evaporator and used for the evaporation of additional fuel. When the evaporator reaches or exceeds its operating threshold, the electric heater can be turned off and all heat is supplied to the evaporator from the catalytic reactor.

Methods for vaporizing hydrocarbon fuel and delivering the hydrocarbon fuel in either a vaporized phase or a supercritical phase to, for example, a combustion chamber are provided herein. A method of vaporizing a hydrocarbon fuel, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel is in a liquid phase at a first temperature and a first pressure, and wherein the first temperature of the liquid phase hydrocarbon fuel is less than its intrinsic oxidation or endothermic reaction temperature, the method may include lowering a pressure of the liquid phase hydrocarbon fuel from the first pressure to a second pressure; and heating the liquid phase hydrocarbon fuel from the first temperature to a second temperature, wherein the hydrocarbon fuel at the second temperature and the second pressure is in a substantially completely vaporized phase substantially without thermally oxidizing the hydrocarbon fuel, and wherein the hydrocarbon fuel in the substantially completely vaporized phase does not form carbonaceous contaminants.

The method can include injecting fuel from a liquefied fuel source into a combustion chamber having a combustion path, by circulating the fuel out from an inlet conduit into an evaporator housing, along the evaporator housing in a direction opposite the combustion path and across an evaporator element receiving fuel in the liquid state and exposing a multiplied surface of the liquid fuel to heat from the combustion path to evaporate the liquid fuel, and conveying the evaporated fuel into the combustion chamber and into the combustion path.

This invention reduces the amount of carbon monoxide introduced by a combustion system to the atmosphere, by furnishing a systems approach to optimize the amount of oxygen to be chemically combined with fuel upon ignition of both allowing the correct amount of carbon to combine with the correct amount of oxygen thus fully release the thermal energy stored therein. By so furnishing the level of oxygen with carbon of the fuel, more carbon dioxide is produced thus proportionally reduces the amount of carbon monoxide released to the atmosphere. The invention provides a heating system that surpasses the net and gross efficiency performance of a natural gas burner.

The present disclosure generally relates to the introduction of a liquid biomass in heating systems such as commercial boilers in order to reduce dependence on petroleum-based heating fuel oils as a source of combustion fuel. More specifically, the present disclosure is directed to systems, methods, and apparatuses utilizing a liquid thermally produced from biomass into commercial and industrial boiler or thermal systems such as boilers, furnaces, and kilns, and methods for generating renewable identification numbers (RINs), alternative energy credits (AECs) and renewable energy credits (RECs).