Systems and methods for controlling a gasoline urea selective catalytic reductant catalyst are described. In one example, an observer is provided that corrects an estimate of an amount of NH.sub.3 that is stored in a SCR. The amount of NH.sub.3 that is stored in the SCR is a basis for generating additional NH.sub.3 or ceasing generation of NH.sub.3.

An operating liquid tank for a motor vehicle, comprising a tank wall enclosing a tank volume that can be filled with an operating liquid, a filling arrangement designed for introducing operating liquid into the tank volume, and a removal arrangement designed for the removal of operating liquid from the tank volume, wherein the removal arrangement comprises a pump assembly with a pump and a pump drive, the pump assembly comprises at least two assembly components that are formed separately from one another and are or can be coupled magnetically to one another, and of which a first assembly component as drive component comprises at least one part of the pump drive and a second assembly component as conveying component comprises a conveying part of the pump that can be driven by the pump drive relative to a conveying component housing for movement, wherein the tank wall extends between the drive component and the conveying component and physically separates the conveying component located on the inner face of the tank wall from the drive component located on the outer face of the tank wall.

An exhaust gas control apparatus for an internal combustion engine that can be operated at a lean air-fuel ratio is provided. This exhaust gas control apparatus is equipped with a three-way catalyst, an occlusion reduction NOx catalyst (an NSR catalyst) that is provided upstream of the three-way catalyst, a bypass passage that bypasses the NSR catalyst, a changeover valve that causes exhaust gas to flow through one of the bypass passage and the NSR catalyst, and an electronic control unit. The electronic control unit carries out rich spike, causes exhaust gas to flow through the bypass passage in starting rich spike, and causes exhaust gas to flow through the NSR catalyst after having carried out rich spike for a predetermined period.

The present invention relates to an apparatus for reducing greenhouse gas emission in a vessel, and a vessel including the same, which are capable of satisfying IMO greenhouse gas emission regulations by separating and discharging NO.sub.x, SO.sub.x, and CO.sub.2 from exhaust gas exhausted from a vessel engine and increasing CO.sub.2 solubility and CO.sub.2 removal efficiency by removing CO.sub.2 after removing SO.sub.x.

A method of calculating a nitrogen oxide (NOx) mass reduced from a lean NOx trap (LNT) during regeneration includes calculating a C3H6 mass flow used to reduce the NOx among a C3H6 mass flow flowing into the LNT of an exhaust purification device, calculating a NH3 mass flow used to reduce the NOx among a NH3 mass flow generated in the LNT, calculating a reduced NOx mass flow based on the C3H6 mass flow used to reduce the NOx and the NH3 mass flow used to reduce the NOx, and calculating the reduced NOx mass by integrating the reduced NOx mass flow over a regeneration period.

A reductant injecting device includes: a honeycomb structure comprising: a pillar shaped honeycomb structure portion having a partition wall that defines a plurality of cells each extending from a fluid inflow end face to a fluid outflow end face; and at least one pair of electrode portions arranged on a side surface of the honeycomb structure portion; an inner cylinder being configured to house the honeycomb structure; a urea sprayer arranged at one end of the inner cylinder; and an outer cylinder arranged on an outer peripheral side of the inner cylinder, the outer cylinder being spaced apart from the inner cylinder. A flow path through which the carrier gas passes is formed between the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder.

An assembly for determining lambda values of an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is provided. The internal combustion engine is attached to an exhaust gas treatment device with at least one first catalyst and a second catalyst. Additionally, the assembly has the following: a first lambda sensor in a first removal line, wherein the first removal line is designed to remove a part of the exhaust gas upon entering the first catalyst and conduct same back into the exhaust gas treatment device after the exhaust gas passes the first lambda sensor, and the first lambda sensor and at least one part of the first removal line are arranged outside of the exhaust gas treatment device; and a second lambda sensor in a second removal line, wherein the second removal line is designed to remove a part of the exhaust gas between the first catalyst and the second catalyst and conduct same back into the exhaust gas treatment device after the exhaust gas passes the second lambda sensor, and the second lambda sensor and at least one part of the second removal line are arranged outside of the exhaust gas treatment device.

Systems and methods of placeshifting media playback between two or more devices are provided. For example, a method for placeshifting media may include downloading onto a first device an index of files accessed or modified on a second device via a data storage server, at least one of the files being a media file played on the second device. The first device may display a user selectable list of the files on the first device before issuing a request for the media file to the data storage server. The data storage server may send the media file to the first device from the data storage server, and the first device may play back the media file where the second device left off.

A system and method for treating turbine exhaust gas includes an industrial process turbine exhaust gas discharge structure, a catalytic turbine exhaust gas treatment device positioned at least partially within the industrial process turbine exhaust gas discharge structure, a pump, and at least two heat exchangers. The catalytic turbine exhaust gas treatment device is positioned at least partially within the industrial process turbine exhaust gas discharge structure. A first heat exchanger is positioned at least partially within the industrial process turbine exhaust gas discharge section structure and upstream of the catalytic turbine exhaust gas treatment device to remove heat from an the turbine exhaust gas by transferring heat to a working fluid. A second heat exchanger removes heat from the working fluid gained at the first heat exchanger. The pump drives the working fluid between the first and second heat exchanger.

A driver inducement method and a driver inducement system for a vehicle that induce a driver to replenish a urea considering a urea level in a urea tank and an actual vehicle speed are disclosed. The driver inducement method may include: calculating a first residual travel distance according to a urea level and an average urea consumption if an engine is started; calculating a final residual travel distance based on the first residual travel distance according to the urea level and the average urea consumption and a second residual travel distance according to the urea level and a vehicle speed, if the first residual travel distance according to the urea level and the average urea consumption is smaller than a threshold distance; and limiting an engine output according to the final residual travel distance.