A mixing apparatus for mixing a precursor substance of a reducing agent with exhaust gas, having a housing that provides a mixing chamber and a silencer. The housing inlet side has an inlet connection for exhaust gas and an outlet side having an outlet connection for reducing agent intermixed with the exhaust gas to be discharged. Longitudinal axes of the inlet and outlet connections are offset and parallel relative to one another. An introduction device introduces a precursor substance of the reducing agent and is positioned at the inlet side in a region of the outlet connection longitudinal axis. A length of the housing between the inlet and outlet side at least 1.9 to 7 times a diameter of the inlet connection. A width of the housing is maximally 3 times the diameter of the inlet connection.

A muffler for single-cylinder diesel engines with an integrated oxidation catalyst is provided, such that the muffler is connected to the cylinder head of the engine, that the muffler housing is divided into two chambers, that is, an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber, by means of an intermediate wall and that the oxidation catalyst is secured in the intermediate wall such that it fludically connects together both chambers.

A straddle-type vehicle (100) includes a frame (20) and an engine (10) mounted on the frame (20), the engine (10) includes a cylinder head (11) positioned toward the rear end of the frame, and located below a saddle seat (80). The cylinder head faces toward the rear end of the frame, which allows the heated cylinder head of the engine and the exhaust pipe connected to the cylinder head to avoid contact with the vehicle the user's legs while riding the vehicle, so the effect of heat emitted from the cylinder head on the rider's experience is reduced.

A module for the metered provision of a liquid includes a chamber having a chamber wall enclosing, at least partially, a chamber space of the chamber. The chamber is surrounded at least partially by a hood. At least one cavity is arranged between the hood and the separated chamber and the hood is heatable.

A muffler, connected to an engine through an exhaust pipe, includes a shell serving as a muffler body, an inlet pipe configured to introduce exhaust gas from the engine into the shell, an outlet pipe configured to discharge the exhaust gas out of the shell, and a cap configured to be attached to a narrowed portion of the inlet pipe and control the direction in which the exhaust gas flows out. The cap is provided with an opening through which the exhaust gas passes and which regulates the direction in which the exhaust gas flows out.

A vehicle exhaust system includes a hot end having one or more hot end exhaust components that treat emissions generated by an engine and a cold end that includes at least one cold end component that attenuates noise. At least one acoustic volume is in parallel or serial to the hot end to further attenuate noise.

A device increasing engine efficiency and reducing exhaust and noise, comprising: the liquid catalyst pressured spraying exhaust gas reducing system, the exhaust gas bypass pipe, and the high temperature plasma exhaust gas reducing device, and the three are linked to achieve the effect of: without replacing the catalytic converter, the catalyst carrier can easily remove accumulated dirt and the block on the through holes, reduce the resistance of the exhaust gas, increase the horsepower of the engine, etc., thereby improving the efficiency of the engine and reducing the exhaust gas, so as to achieve degrading pollutants, makes vehicles comply with environmental regulations, and saves maintenance costs.

A muffler for decreasing the amount of noise of exhaust gases from a combustion engine is fluid connected with an exhaust port of an engine cylinder through an exhaust pipe. The interior of the muffler is divided into a first expansion chamber on the most upstream side, and a second expansion chamber on a downstream side thereof. The exhaust pipe is fluid connected with the muffler so as to be present within the first expansion chamber. The muffler is furthermore provided with a cooling pipe, which extends through the first expansion chamber, and a cooling air flows through cooling pipe.

Provided are an engine and an engine work machine. An engine in which a substantially box-shaped muffler made by joining a partitioning plate with inner and outer housings is directly secured to a cylinder, wherein the center axis of the cylinder is slanted rearward at an angle. The muffler has the partitioning plate inclined from the cylinder-side upper corner part toward the opposing lower corner part; and the muffler is secured at three points, i.e., two screws near an exhaust port, and an attachment screw near the upper corner part. Exhaust gas is discharged so as to flow forward along the upper wall surface of the muffler from near the end that is close to the cylinder in the upper surface of the muffler, and the exhaust gas is diffused, with the front corner part (curved surface part) being shaped as a curved surface having a large radius of curvature.

The invention concerns a method for unblocking pores in a metal zeolite based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. The method includes filling, at least partially, the SCR catalyst with a liquid, the liquid being preferably distilled water. The method includes letting said liquid inside the SCR catalyst enough time to allow said liquid to dissolve, at least partially, the obstructions and to penetrate into the pores. The method includes heating the SCR catalyst at a temperature above the ebullition temperature of the liquid so as to vaporize the part of the liquid remained into the pores, and generate steam flows through the obstructions, the steam flows removing the obstructions and unblocking the pores, wherein no hydrocarbons are injected during the step of heating.