Plant metabolism and alkaloid levels can be regulated by transcription factors that regulate the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a transcription factor that negatively regulates alkaloid biosynthesis, such as nicotine biosynthesis.

MPO1 and MPO2 can be regulated for either decreasing or increasing alkaloid levels in plants, in particular in Nicotiana plants. In particular, suppressing or overexpressing one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used to decrease or increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Suppression or overexpression of one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used in combination with modification of expression of other genes encoding enzymes on the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway such as A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT.

MPO1 and MPO2 can be regulated for either decreasing or increasing alkaloid levels in plants, in particular in Nicotiana plants. In particular, suppressing or overexpressing one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used to decrease or increase nicotine and nicotinic alkaloid levels in tobacco plants. Suppression or overexpression of one or more of MPO1 and MPO2 may be used in combination with modification of expression of other genes encoding enzymes on the nicotinic alkaloid biosynthetic pathway such as A622, NBB1, PMT, and QPT.

The present disclosure provides protein-enriched, tobacco-containing products, suitable for use as oral formulations. Products of the present disclosure typically include at least one tobacco material (e.g., a particulate tobacco material or a tobacco-derived extract), at least one protein-enriched material (e.g., a tobacco-derived protein-enriched material), and at least one sugar alcohol.

The present disclosure provides protein-enriched, tobacco-containing products, suitable for use as oral formulations. Products of the present disclosure typically include at least one tobacco material (e.g., a particulate tobacco material or a tobacco-derived extract), at least one protein-enriched material (e.g., a tobacco-derived protein-enriched material), and at least one sugar alcohol.

An object of the present invention is to provide an F1 hybrid or a portion thereof, and use of the F1 hybrid or a portion thereof. The F1 hybrid of the present invention is an F1 hybrid between Nicotiana umbratica and Nicotiana kawakamii.

An object of the present invention is to provide an F1 hybrid or a portion thereof, and use of the F1 hybrid or a portion thereof. The F1 hybrid of the present invention is an F1 hybrid between Nicotiana umbratica and Nicotiana kawakamii.

An oral product in the form of an edible film is provided herein. The edible film can include a binder in an amount of at least about 30 percent by weight; a plasticizer in an amount of at least about 5 percent by weight; and an active agent, wherein the edible film is orally dissolvable. The edible film can also be used as a component of another oral product, e.g., a fleece-based pouched product. The edible film can form a coating on a portion of an interior or exterior surface of a fleece-based pouched product.

The present invention relates to a method of modulating the alkaloid content of a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising modifying said plant by modulating the activity or expression of at least one gene encoding a BTB/POZ NPH3 domain-containing protein. The present invention also relates to a method of reducing the content of at least one tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA) precursor in tobacco, the method comprising modulating the activity or expression of at least one gene encoding a BTB/POZ NPH3 domain-containing protein.

The present invention relates to a method of modulating the alkaloid content of a plant or a part thereof, the method comprising modifying said plant by modulating the activity or expression of at least one gene encoding a BTB/POZ NPH3 domain-containing protein. The present invention also relates to a method of reducing the content of at least one tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA) precursor in tobacco, the method comprising modulating the activity or expression of at least one gene encoding a BTB/POZ NPH3 domain-containing protein.