Systems, devices, and methods for providing a sheet product dispenser with automated product level tracking functionality are provided herein. Various product level sensors are disclosed herein including a product level sensor configured to emit a signal toward an outer circumference of a sheet product roll on a spindle extending along a longitudinal axis and to receive a reflected signal. The product level sensor is positioned a radial distance away from the spindle and aimed to emit the signal in a direction that is not parallel and not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The product level sensor detects a parameter of the reflected signal corresponding to the distance between the product level sensor and the sheet product roll. Other example embodiments include mechanical product level sensors. Various communication protocols may be employed to limit transmission of data to conserve battery life while still maintaining desired communication functionality.

Techniques for determining positions of devices within an environment are described herein. In some instances, an environment, such as a home or office of a user, may include an array of devices, some or all of which may couple to a network or to other devices via short-range wireless connections (e.g., Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, etc.). These devices may capture an array of data for providing to a central service, which is configured to analyze the data and, based on this analysis, determine a location of the devices relative to one another. That is, the central service may analyze the data to determine relative distances and orientations between the identified devices within the environment.

Techniques for determining positions of devices within an environment are described herein. In some instances, an environment, such as a home or office of a user, may include an array of devices, some or all of which may couple to a network or to other devices via short-range wireless connections (e.g., Bluetooth®, Zigbee®, etc.). These devices may capture an array of data for providing to a central service, which is configured to analyze the data and, based on this analysis, determine a location of the devices relative to one another. That is, the central service may analyze the data to determine relative distances and orientations between the identified devices within the environment.

A method and a system for determining relative position of an element of an optical system of an assembly for processing or measuring an object along a measurement line, involve generating a measurement beam and a reference beam of low coherence optical radiation. The measurement and reference beams, alternately or in combination, have a main beam and a multiplexed additional beam. The measurement beam, led toward the element of the optical system, and back-reflected, is superimposed on the reference beam in a region of common incidence of an interferometric optical sensor arrangement. Position or frequency of a main interference fringe pattern and an additional interference fringe pattern is detected.

A method and a system for determining relative position of an element of an optical system of an assembly for processing or measuring an object along a measurement line, involve generating a measurement beam and a reference beam of low coherence optical radiation. The measurement and reference beams, alternately or in combination, have a main beam and a multiplexed additional beam. The measurement beam, led toward the element of the optical system, and back-reflected, is superimposed on the reference beam in a region of common incidence of an interferometric optical sensor arrangement. Position or frequency of a main interference fringe pattern and an additional interference fringe pattern is detected.

A digital measuring device implemented on a photonic integrated circuit, the digital measuring device including a laser source configured to provide light, a first ring resonator configured to produce a first frequency comb of light from the laser source, wherein at least a portion of the first frequency comb of light is directed at a moving object, a local oscillator configured to provide a reference beam, at least one waveguide structure configured to combine the reference beam with light reflected from the moving object to produce a measurement beam, a first multiplexer configured to split the measurement beam into a plurality of channels spaced in frequency, and a plurality of detectors configured to detect an intensity value of each channel of the plurality of channels to measure a distance between the digital measuring device and the moving object.

A digital measuring device implemented on a photonic integrated circuit, the digital measuring device including a laser source configured to provide light, a first ring resonator configured to produce a first frequency comb of light from the laser source, wherein at least a portion of the first frequency comb of light is directed at a moving object, a local oscillator configured to provide a reference beam, at least one waveguide structure configured to combine the reference beam with light reflected from the moving object to produce a measurement beam, a first multiplexer configured to split the measurement beam into a plurality of channels spaced in frequency, and a plurality of detectors configured to detect an intensity value of each channel of the plurality of channels to measure a distance between the digital measuring device and the moving object.

A method for gauging a track position uses a track gauging trolley (7) moved on the track. A gauging run is carried out with the track gauging trolley (7), a GPS antenna (8) and an RTK GPS receiver (11) that communicates with an RTK correction data service (RTK-KD), wherein at least one wheel (10) of the track gauging trolley (7) is pressed against a rail (4). Using boundary conditions such as constraint positions, constraint points and maximum permissible track position corrections, to avoid the disadvantages of the drifts of an inertial gauging system during long gauging runs and the only relative information on the track position, the position of the GPS antenna (8) with respect to a reference axis of the track (4, 10) is determined with the aid of a compensation scanner (6) and a computing unit (13), and the measured GPS coordinates are converted into Cartesian coordinates (Pi(xi, yi, zi)) recorded with the computing unit (13) as a spatial curve (3), from which the location image (1), from which a desired curvature image (ksoll) is calculated, and the longitudinal image (2), from which a desired longitudinal inclination image (Nsoll) is calculated, are formed. An inertial system (INS) is set up on the gauging trolley (7), with which inertial system a correction spatial curve of the same section is created, and recorded using the computing unit (13) and is used as a correction value for the GPS coordinates converted into Cartesian coordinates (Pi(xi, yi, zi)).

A machine control device includes an imaging control unit that controls an imaging device to capture two images at two different imaging positions; an imaging position information acquiring unit that acquires positional information of two imaging positions; a measurement distance restoring unit that restores a measurement distance of an object based on two images, distance information between two imaging positions, and a parameter of the imaging device, by using a stereo camera method; a measurement precision calculating unit that calculates a measurement precision of the measurement distance of the object based on two images, the distance information between two imaging positions, and the parameter of the imaging device; an area specifying unit that specifies a partial area of the object as a specified area; and a measurement precision determining unit that determines whether the measurement precision of the object satisfies a predetermined precision in the specified area.

A machine control device includes an imaging control unit that controls an imaging device to capture two images at two different imaging positions; an imaging position information acquiring unit that acquires positional information of two imaging positions; a measurement distance restoring unit that restores a measurement distance of an object based on two images, distance information between two imaging positions, and a parameter of the imaging device, by using a stereo camera method; a measurement precision calculating unit that calculates a measurement precision of the measurement distance of the object based on two images, the distance information between two imaging positions, and the parameter of the imaging device; an area specifying unit that specifies a partial area of the object as a specified area; and a measurement precision determining unit that determines whether the measurement precision of the object satisfies a predetermined precision in the specified area.