An apparatus for precisely and accurately measuring the loft and lie of a golf club, and a method of using such apparatus, is disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a clamp assembly powered by a pressure unit to immobilize the head of a golf club, a scoreline measurement unit to capture scoreline angle information, loft and lie measurement arrays that can be moved along horizontal y and x axes to capture loft and lie angle information of the golf club shaft, and a computer with an algorithm that uses information captured by the scoreline measurement unit and loft and lie measurement arrays to calculate final loft and lie angle values that are accurate within +/−0.125°.

A distance sensor is used for automatically determining the size of a wheel on a mobile machine. The distance sensor is mounted to detect distance information relating to a distance between the sensor and an outer circumferential surface of the wheel. The distance information is received by a controller configured to determine the radius of the wheel based at least in part on the distance information. The controller may compare the measured radius with data for a range of standard wheel sizes and determine which standard wheel size is fitted. The measured wheel radius and/or the determined standard wheel size can used as an input for a control system on the machine which requires wheel size data, such as an axle height adjustment system.

An eye-tracking electronic device is provided. The eye-tracking electronic device includes a scanner, at least two photodetectors configured to generate electric pulses when a scanning line reflected from a cornea is incident thereon, and at least one processor configured to generate at least one scanning line through the scanner, radiate the at least one scanning line to the cornea, and determine a direction of gaze based on time information when the at least two photodetectors generate the electrical pulses.

An eye-tracking electronic device is provided. The eye-tracking electronic device includes a scanner, at least two photodetectors configured to generate electric pulses when a scanning line reflected from a cornea is incident thereon, and at least one processor configured to generate at least one scanning line through the scanner, radiate the at least one scanning line to the cornea, and determine a direction of gaze based on time information when the at least two photodetectors generate the electrical pulses.

Disclosed is a high-stability nano-radian-order angle measuring method and device based on drift value feedback, belonging to the technical field of precision measurement and the field of optical engineering. The device consists of LED light sources, convex lenses, multi-slit diaphragms, beam splitters, deflecting mirrors, steering mirrors, a collimator objective set, linear array CCDs, a four-quadrant position detector and a plane mirror. The method includes: enabling two paths of measuring light beams to carry angle change information of a measured object, respectively forming respective images on two sensors, and calculating a pitch angle and a yaw angle of the measured object relative to an optical axis by using positions of the two images so as to achieve the detection capability on the angle change of the measured object. While a focal distance of the objective is greatly improved by using the collimator objective set, the linear array CCDs are used as sensors to improve a measuring range. Therefore, the technical advantage of nano-radian-order angle limit resolution is achieved under the condition of the same measuring range. The LED light sources, the convex lenses and the multi-slit diaphragms are used, and at the same time, drift value feedback is performed by using the four-quadrant position detector and the steering mirrors, and the system stability is improved to 10 nano-radian order, thus solving the problem of limitation of light beam drift value to limit resolution of an autocollimator. Additionally, a system device designed by the present disclosure has the technical advantages of small structure size, high measurement precision and high measurement frequency response.

Disclosed is a high-stability nano-radian-order angle measuring method and device based on drift value feedback, belonging to the technical field of precision measurement and the field of optical engineering. The device consists of LED light sources, convex lenses, multi-slit diaphragms, beam splitters, deflecting mirrors, steering mirrors, a collimator objective set, linear array CCDs, a four-quadrant position detector and a plane mirror. The method includes: enabling two paths of measuring light beams to carry angle change information of a measured object, respectively forming respective images on two sensors, and calculating a pitch angle and a yaw angle of the measured object relative to an optical axis by using positions of the two images so as to achieve the detection capability on the angle change of the measured object. While a focal distance of the objective is greatly improved by using the collimator objective set, the linear array CCDs are used as sensors to improve a measuring range. Therefore, the technical advantage of nano-radian-order angle limit resolution is achieved under the condition of the same measuring range. The LED light sources, the convex lenses and the multi-slit diaphragms are used, and at the same time, drift value feedback is performed by using the four-quadrant position detector and the steering mirrors, and the system stability is improved to 10 nano-radian order, thus solving the problem of limitation of light beam drift value to limit resolution of an autocollimator. Additionally, a system device designed by the present disclosure has the technical advantages of small structure size, high measurement precision and high measurement frequency response.

An image capturing apparatus to perform pan-tilt driving includes a detection unit, an obtaining unit, and a setting unit. The detection unit detects a movable range end in a case where the pan-tilt driving is performed. The obtaining unit obtains information about a speed of the pan-tilt driving in a case where the movable range end is detected by the detection unit. The setting unit sets a reference position according to the driving speed information obtained by the obtaining unit.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus. The apparatus according to the present disclosure comprises: at least one first light source configured to irradiate illumination light to an object on a reference surface; at least one second light source configured to irradiate pattern light to the object, a plurality of cameras configured to capture one or more illumination images and one or more pattern images; and one or more processors configured to determine a plurality of outlines indicating edges of the object based on two or more images captured in different directions among the one or more illumination images and the one or more pattern images; determine a virtual plane corresponding to an upper surface of the object based on the plurality of outlines; and determine an angle between the virtual plane and the reference plane.

A system and a method for optically detecting a pose of at least one instrument in an operating theater are provided. The method includes determining pose information of the at least one instrument with an optical pose detection device of a surgical microscope or with a microscope-external optical pose detection device, determining whether the pose information is biunique or whether a biunique determination of the pose of the instrument is possible, and evaluating additional information for determining additional pose information, at least for a case where no biunique determination of the pose is possible.

A device and method for aligning a robot coordinate system, being a coordinate system of a robot for moving an operating point three-dimensionally, and a measuring instrument coordinate system, being a coordinate system of a three-dimensional measuring instrument which is capable of executing a light sectioning method and of which a position and attitude with respect to the operating point are unchanging, characterized by including the steps of: determining a relationship between the coordinate systems; radiating sheet-like slit light from the three-dimensional measuring instrument onto a reference object in the shape of a rectangular cuboid which is fixed; finding the attitude of the three-dimensional measuring instrument relative to the reference object; and moving the three-dimensional measuring instrument such that the attitude of the three-dimensional measuring instrument falls within a predetermined standard attitude range.