A MEMS optical device and an array composed thereof are disclosed herein, wherein the MEMS optical device comprises a light absorbing element, a deforming element, and a magnetic detector, wherein the magnetic detector comprises a magnetic source and a magnetic sensor.

The optical measurement apparatus includes an interface unit and a measuring unit. The interface unit is configured to receive a synchronization signal transmitted from a PLC to a fieldbus at a constant communication cycle, and output, in synchronization with the synchronization signal, a result of measurement (a measured value) by the optical measurement apparatus and a synchronization supervisory signal. The measuring unit is configured to execute optical measurement at a measurement cycle irrelevant to the communication cycle and generate a result of the measurement and a synchronization supervisory signal. The measuring unit sets the synchronization supervisory signal into an ON state in synchronization with receipt of the synchronization signal by the interface unit after start of the measurement, and sets the synchronization supervisory signal into an OFF state in synchronization with receipt of the synchronization signal by the interface unit when the interface unit outputs the measurement result.

A laser patterning apparatus for a three-dimensional object includes a laser generator, a beam expander configured to adjust a size of a laser beam generated by the laser generator, a dynamic focusing module configured to adjust a z-axis focus position of the laser beam passing through the beam expander, a scan head configured to adjust x- and y-axis focus position of the laser beam passing through the beam expander, a shape recognizer configured to recognize a shape of a three-dimensional object, and a controller configured to extract x-, y-, and z-axis data of the three-dimensional object and to control the scan head and the dynamic focusing module, in order to pattern the three-dimensional object with the laser beam.

An anti-copy electronic device contains: a wireless signal controller having a sensor, and the wireless signal controller and the sensor are accommodated in a casing. The sensor has humidity detection, pressure detection, lights detection, color temperature detection, ultraviolet (UV) detection, and special gases detection in an interior space of the casing. After the casing is removed, the sensor detects a change of humidity, pressure, lights, color temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and special gases in the interior space and sends an indication signal to the wireless signal controller so that the wireless signal controller destroys a password setting program of the wireless signal controller, thus avoiding copy of the password setting program.

A sensor (2) for determining solar altitude information includes at least one diode (24) for measuring sun intensity. A computation module (20) has interfaces (72, 74) at its input side for time- and location-based data for determining the current sun position from said location-based data, said time-based data and sun intensity measured and for providing a sun output signal on an output interface (80).

A sensor (2) for determining solar altitude information includes at least one diode (24) for measuring sun intensity. A computation module (20) has interfaces (72, 74) at its input side for time- and location-based data for determining the current sun position from said location-based data, said time-based data and sun intensity measured and for providing a sun output signal on an output interface (80).

Methods of sensor readout and calibration and circuits for performing the methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include driving an active sensor at a voltage. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration sensor, and the circuits include the calibration sensor. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration current source and circuits include the calibration current source. In some embodiments, a sensor circuit includes a Sigma-Delta ADC. In some embodiments, a column of sensors is readout using first and second readout circuits during a same row time.

A method of determining concentration of an analyte in a body fluid uses a mobile device having a camera and an ambient light detector. The ambient light detector has an ambient light sensor and/or an additional camera. An ambient light check is performed. In the ambient light check, ambient light is used to determine an item of ambient light information. If a validity criterion is determined to be met, the concentration of the analyte is determined by evaluating an image of at least a part of a reagent test region of an optical test strip having a sample of body fluid applied thereto. The image is captured by the camera. A mobile device, a kit, a computer program and a computer-readable storage medium are also disclosed.

An optical device stack includes at least one of a photodetector or an optical emitter and a metasurface. The metasurface is disposed over a light-receiving surface of the photodetector or a light emission surface of the optical emitter. The metasurface includes a first conductive layer having an electrically-tunable optical property and an array of conductive nanostructures disposed on a first side of the first conductive layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a second side of the first conductive layer. An electrical insulator is disposed between the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer. A change in an electrical bias between the metasurface and the second conductive layer, from a first electrical bias to a second electrical bias, tunes the electrically-tunable optical property from a first state to a second state, and changes an electrically-tunable optical filtering property of the metasurface.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for controlling transitions in an optically switchable device. In one aspect, a controller for a tintable window may include a processor, an input for receiving output signals from sensors, and instructions for causing the processor to determine a level of tint of the tintable window, and an output for controlling the level of tint in the tintable window. The instructions may include a relationship between the received output signals and the level of tint, with the relationship employing output signals from an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor. In some instances, the controller may receive output signals over a network and/or be interfaced with a network, and in some instances, the controller may be a standalone controller that is not interfaced with a network.