Thermal temperature sensors for power amplifiers are provided herein. In certain implementations, a semiconductor die includes a compound semiconductor substrate, and a power amplifier including a plurality of field-effect transistors (FETs) configured to amplify a radio frequency (RF) signal. The plurality of FETs are arranged on the compound semiconductor substrate as a transistor array. The semiconductor die further includes a semiconductor resistor configured to generate a signal indicative of a temperature of the transistor array. The semiconductor resistor is located adjacent to one end of the transistor array.

An energy storage system includes a rack having a space inside, a plurality of modules in the space of the rack, each of the plurality of modules including a plurality of battery cells arranged in one direction therein, and a sensing line along one side of the plurality of modules.

The present invention relates to a method and device for measuring the temperature in power resistors based on the measurement of the high-frequency circuit parameters of said resistor. The present invention excludes the use of thermocouples, dedicated temperature sensors or thermo chambers.

An electrical energy store has a plurality of storage modules, each of which has at least one temperature sensor string having a temperature sensor in the form of a temperature-dependent resistor for measuring the storage module temperature, and a battery control unit, which, based on the resistance values of the temperature sensor strings, determines the temperatures at the respective temperature sensors. The battery control unit is designed to determine a respective storage module type based on the measured resistance values of the temperature sensor strings. A method for identifying a storage module type, includes the steps: detecting a resistance value of at least one temperature sensor string having a temperature sensor, determining the temperatures present at the respective temperature sensors via a battery control unit on the basis of the resistance values of the temperature sensor strings, and determining a storage module type on the basis of the resistance value of the at least one temperature sensor string per storage module.

An electrical energy store has a plurality of storage modules, each of which has at least one temperature sensor string having a temperature sensor in the form of a temperature-dependent resistor for measuring the storage module temperature, and a battery control unit, which, based on the resistance values of the temperature sensor strings, determines the temperatures at the respective temperature sensors. The battery control unit is designed to determine a respective storage module type based on the measured resistance values of the temperature sensor strings. A method for identifying a storage module type, includes the steps: detecting a resistance value of at least one temperature sensor string having a temperature sensor, determining the temperatures present at the respective temperature sensors via a battery control unit on the basis of the resistance values of the temperature sensor strings, and determining a storage module type on the basis of the resistance value of the at least one temperature sensor string per storage module.

A reference load includes a parallel connection of a resistor load having a resistor and a transistor load having a plurality of transistors, wherein a temperature coefficient of the resistor load is positive, and a temperature coefficient of the transistor load is negative.

A reference load includes a parallel connection of a resistor load having a resistor and a transistor load having a plurality of transistors, wherein a temperature coefficient of the resistor load is positive, and a temperature coefficient of the transistor load is negative.

The present disclosure relates to a device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium including at least one sensor element and a unit at least partially including a material with anisotropic thermal conductivity. According to the present disclosure the unit is frictionally connected to the sensor element, and in particular the unit is frictionally fastened on a surface of the sensor element.

The temperature sensor can have a core having a length extending between two ends, the core having a cavity extending along the length, a wire extending in the cavity, along the length, the wire fixed at both ends, the core having a transversal aperture at an intermediary location between the ends, the transversal aperture leading into the cavity, and a potting filling a portion of the cavity and supporting the wire at the intermediary location of the transversal aperture.

The temperature sensor can have a core having a length extending between two ends, the core having a cavity extending along the length, a wire extending in the cavity, along the length, the wire fixed at both ends, the core having a transversal aperture at an intermediary location between the ends, the transversal aperture leading into the cavity, and a potting filling a portion of the cavity and supporting the wire at the intermediary location of the transversal aperture.