Microwave radiometers (MRs) and methods for detecting microwave emissions using an electro-optical receiver that incorporates a photonic integrated circuit are provided. The electro-optical receiver includes an electro-optic modulator that modulates received radio frequency signals onto an optical carrier signal supplied by a pump laser. The resulting upconverted signal, containing the full spectrum of the radio frequency signals, is divided into channels by an optical filter. Each of the channels is connected to a corresponding photodetector, which produces an electrical output having an amplitude that is proportional to the amplitude of the received optical signal. The components included in the photonic integrated circuit can be formed on a single substrate. In addition, the optical filter can filter the received full spectrum optical signal into a large number of channels (e.g. greater than 50).

A method to determine a temperature of a product, the method includes: determining a dielectric constant as a function of a core-, surface-, and/or average-temperature correlation ε(T) of at least one product and storing the dielectric constant in a computer means; locating the product between a microwave-radiometry-antenna and a microwave-radiometry-receiver and measuring the dielectric properties of the product; selecting the correlation ε(T) that corresponds to the product whose dielectric properties have been measured, and calculating the core-, surface-, and/or average-temperature of the product using the dielectric constant correlation ε(T).

A system for passive microwave remote sensing using at least one microwave radiometer includes a fixed body portion and a mobile body portion. The mobile body portion is configured for rotatably coupling with the fixed body portion for rotation about a rotation axis. The mobile body portion is configured for supporting the microwave radiometer therein such that the microwave radiometer rotates about the rotation axis when the mobile body portion is rotated about the rotation axis such that a polarization axis of the radiometer is aligned with an earth axis. The fixed body portion includes a motor mechanism for effecting rotation of the mobile body portion. In an embodiment, the mobile body portion includes a plurality of body section, each body section being configured for supporting a microwave radiometer therein. In another embodiment, each one of the plurality of body sections is configured to be interchangeably coupled with each other.

Provided are a radio frequency (RF) receiver module for sensing core body temperature and an RF microwave core body thermometer system having the same. The RF receiver module for sensing core body temperature and the RF microwave core body thermometer having the same include: an RF contact-type patch antenna attached to a body part to sense the core body temperature; an RF receiver circuit unit attached to the body part to receive any one RF frequency signal within an RF frequency range of 1 to 10 GHz through the RF contact-type patch antenna for sensing core body temperature; and an interface circuit unit for connecting the RF receiver circuit unit to a control unit of a microprocessor control unit.

An exemplary microwave ablation system is provided. The system may use a switching antenna for both microwave heating of target tissue and microwave radiometry to monitor the temperature of the heated tissue to ensure that the desired temperatures are delivered to adequately treat the target tissue and achieve therapeutic goals. The system may integrate switching components into the switching antenna, which eliminates error from heating of the reference termination and heating of the electrical cables.

Provided are a radio frequency (RF) receiver module for sensing core body temperature and an RF microwave core body thermometer system having the same. The RF receiver module for sensing core body temperature and the RF microwave core body thermometer having the same include: an RF contact-type patch antenna attached to a body part to sense the core body temperature; an RF receiver circuit unit attached to the body part to receive any one RF frequency signal within an RF frequency range of 1 to 10 GHz except for 1.4 GHz, 1.6 GHz, 1.7 GHz, 2.6 GHz and 2.7 GHz through the RF contact-type patch antenna for sensing core body temperature; and an interface circuit unit for connecting the RF receiver circuit unit to a control unit of a microprocessor control unit.

System and method for identification and verification of authorization of a subject to use a substance delivery device.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for automated measurement of the temperatures of samples on a production line without any human intervention. In one aspect the apparatus has a conveyance system; and a temperature measurement unit having: a first member and a second member which are movable relative to each other between at least a first position in which the first and second members cooperate to form an internal space which is substantially internally reflective of radiofrequency radiation and a second position in which the object can be introduced into said internal space; and a radiometer arranged so that it is coupled to said internal space, wherein the conveyance system is arranged to convey the object to a measurement position in said internal space whilst the first and second members are in the second position, for a measurement of the radiation emitted from the object to be performed by the radiometer when the first and second members are in the first position and to convey the object away from said measurement position once the measurement has been performed and said first and second members have returned to the second position. The apparatus allows for recording and storing of measured temperature information. Embodiments of the invention provide for auto-calibration of the apparatus and automated testing and rejection of samples which do not meet pre-defined criteria.

A calibration device for precise calibration of a microwave radiometer is described. The calibration device has a housing that partially encompasses a calibration chamber. The housing includes a microwave transparent portion that is provided at a wall of the housing. The microwave transparent portion defines an entry for microwaves into the calibration chamber. The microwave transparent portion is made by a microwave transparent material that is insulating. An absorber at a defined temperature is provided within the calibration chamber. An interface between the microwave transparent portion and the absorber is provided, which ensures a substantially reflection free entry of the microwaves into the calibration chamber. The substantially reflection free entry of the microwaves corresponds to capturing at least 3 orders of reflection of the microwaves. Further, a method of calibrating a microwave radiometer is described.

Provided is a method of calibrating a microwave radiometer, which eliminates use of liquid nitrogen as a calibration source. The method is applied to a microwave radiometer configured to receive, by a receiver having a primary radiator connected thereto, a radio wave emitted from an object to be measured depending on a temperature of the object to be measured and to measure a brightness temperature of the object to be measured from an output signal of the receiver. In the method, the method a noise temperature T.sub.rx of the receiver appearing on an output side of the receiver is calibrated by observing a plurality of calibration sources having known brightness temperatures. The method includes using a radio wave reflector configured to totally reflect noise radiated from an input side of the receiver as one of the plurality of calibration sources.