A temperature measurement system for determining a performance of a smoke generating device includes a temperature measuring device. The temperature measuring device includes an elongated carrier and a number of thermal sensors disposed within the elongated carrier. The elongated carrier is configured to be inserted into an elongated chamber of the smoke generating device. Each of the thermal sensors includes a sensing end exposed on an outer surface of the elongated carrier. When the elongated carrier is inserted into the elongated chamber, the sensing ends respectively detect a temperature of a number of heating members of the smoke generating device.

A unit for high-temperature for uses above 700° C. is provided. The unit includes a housing and an electrical functional element. The functional element has a non-conducting substrate, an electrically conductive element, and at least one connection wire or pad. The functional element has a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section is within the housing and shielded from a local environment. The second section includes the at least one connection wire or pad and is accessible externally to the housing. The third section is between the first and second sections and is embedded in an electrically insulating material. The insulating material seals off the housing from the functional element. A physical and/or chemical bond at an interface between the insulating material and the functional element.

A process fluid temperature estimation system includes a mounting assembly configured to mount the process fluid temperature estimation system to an external surface of a process fluid conduit. A sensor capsule has at least one temperature sensitive element disposed therein and is configured to sense at least a temperature of the external surface of the process fluid conduit. Measurement circuitry is coupled to the sensor capsule and is configured to detect a characteristic of the at least one temperature sensitive element that varies with temperature and provide sensor capsule temperature information. A controller is coupled to the measurement circuitry and is configured to obtain a temperature measurement of the external surface of the process fluid conduit and to obtain a reference temperature and employ a heat transfer calculation with the reference temperature, the external surface temperature measurement and a known thermal relationship between the external surface temperature sensor in the sensor capsule and the reference temperature to generate an estimated process fluid temperature output. The controller is also configured to improve response time of the process fluid estimation system mathematically. In some examples, the controller is configured to extract the system tau value from the measured data.

A process fluid temperature estimation system includes a mounting assembly configured to mount the process fluid temperature estimation system to an external surface of a process fluid conduit. A sensor capsule has at least one temperature sensitive element disposed therein and is configured to sense at least a temperature of the external surface of the process fluid conduit. Measurement circuitry is coupled to the sensor capsule and is configured to detect a characteristic of the at least one temperature sensitive element that varies with temperature and provide sensor capsule temperature information. A controller is coupled to the measurement circuitry and is configured to obtain a temperature measurement of the external surface of the process fluid conduit and to obtain a reference temperature and employ a heat transfer calculation with the reference temperature, the external surface temperature measurement and a known thermal relationship between the external surface temperature sensor in the sensor capsule and the reference temperature to generate an estimated process fluid temperature output. The controller is also configured to improve response time of the process fluid estimation system mathematically. In some examples, the controller is configured to extract the system tau value from the measured data.

A system for wirelessly monitoring temperatures of a gas turbine engine comprising a wireless sensor positioned on or in a component of the engine, one or more interrogating antennas capable of transmitting an RF signal to the wireless sensor and receiving an RF return signal from the wireless sensor, and a processing unit capable of interpreting the RF return signal to determine a temperature of the component inside the engine. In an embodiment, the wireless sensor comprises polymer derived ceramics (“PDC”) deposited on an Inconel surface of the engine. In an embodiment, the wireless sensor sustains temperatures up to 1000° C. during long term operation of the part of the engine. In an embodiment, the wireless sensor comprises multiple layers including a metallic patch antenna, a PDC layer, and a bond coat which provides a metallic ground plane for the sensor.

A system for wirelessly monitoring temperatures of a gas turbine engine comprising a wireless sensor positioned on or in a component of the engine, one or more interrogating antennas capable of transmitting an RF signal to the wireless sensor and receiving an RF return signal from the wireless sensor, and a processing unit capable of interpreting the RF return signal to determine a temperature of the component inside the engine. In an embodiment, the wireless sensor comprises polymer derived ceramics (“PDC”) deposited on an Inconel surface of the engine. In an embodiment, the wireless sensor sustains temperatures up to 1000° C. during long term operation of the part of the engine. In an embodiment, the wireless sensor comprises multiple layers including a metallic patch antenna, a PDC layer, and a bond coat which provides a metallic ground plane for the sensor.

A connector includes: a tube body formed in a tubular shape having a first opening and a second opening at both ends thereof, a first opening side of the tube body being connectable to an end of a first pipe, a second opening side of the tube body being connectable to an end of a second pipe, the tube body allowing a fluid to flow therethrough between the first opening and the second opening; a temperature detection element embedded in a tubular part of the tube body and configured to detect a temperature of the fluid flowing through the tube body; and a terminal electrically connected to the temperature detection element and exposed to outside of the tube body.

A connector includes: a tube body formed in a tubular shape having a first opening and a second opening at both ends thereof, a first opening side of the tube body being connectable to an end of a first pipe, a second opening side of the tube body being connectable to an end of a second pipe, the tube body allowing a fluid to flow therethrough between the first opening and the second opening; a temperature detection element embedded in a tubular part of the tube body and configured to detect a temperature of the fluid flowing through the tube body; and a terminal electrically connected to the temperature detection element and exposed to outside of the tube body.

Monitors are for pressurized systems are described. These may include batteryless monitors that run on power harvested from their environments.

A shower head water collecting device includes a water collecting hanging component, a temperature sensing element, an assembling component, a solar panel, and a temperature displaying element. The water collecting hanging component is provided for a shower head to be hung thereon and collects the water spraying from the shower head. The temperature sensing element is disposed inside the water collecting hanging component to sense the temperature of water spraying from the shower head. The assembling component is mounted on top of the water collecting hanging component. The solar panel and the temperature displaying element are disposed in the assembling component. The solar panel is electrically connected to the temperature sensing element and the temperature displaying element, wherein the solar panel harvests the light energy from the outside and converts it into electrical energy to supply power to the temperature sensing element and the temperature displaying element.