To yield fixed output as electrical signal when any positions of volume space is subjected to external pressure and the external pressure is detected. A contact detecting device includes a mounted base 60 with a predetermined shape, a design foam 10 that is bonded to the mounted base and covers it, and a limiter 7 that is mounted on the mounted base 60 or the design foam 10. The contact detecting device further includes a predetermined volume space 4 defined by the mounted base 60, the design foam 10, and the limiter 7. The contact detecting device further includes a sensor SEN that detects external pressure applied to the volume space 4 through the determination of the physical variation of the volume space 4. The physical variation of the volume space 4 is detected through the sensor determining, for example, variation in flow rate, flow velocity, or volume. In particular, the contact detecting device detects two-dimensional or three-dimensional contact on any position.

A connection point test apparatus for testing the strength of an association of a connection point (or similar) to an object is disclosed. In one embodiment, the connection point test apparatus includes a body, the body having a surface configured for placement against a surface of the object so that force applied by the body to the surface can be reacted against during operation of the apparatus. The apparatus includes a load transfer assembly operable within a profile of the body, and releasably connectable to the connection point associated with the object. The load transfer assembly is configured operable with the body for generating a force for transfer to the connection point for testing its association to the object. The body is configured so that a portion thereof defines a chamber internal of the body for accommodating a fluid which, when placed under pressure, renders the load transfer assembly operable.

A height adjustable hitch receiver is disclosed and described.

A hydrodynamic-type hydraulic dynamometer is provided. The hydrodynamic-type hydraulic dynamometer includes a shaft rotatably mounted by a plurality of bearings, a stator fixed around the shaft and having a toroidal chamber therein, a runner rotatably coupled to the shaft and causing a fluid introduced into the toroidal chamber to flow therethrough, an inner ring mounted to extend inwardly from a radially outer side of the toroidal chamber and having a control slit formed therethrough, and a shutter configured to adjust an opening degree of the control slit.

A hydrodynamic-type hydraulic dynamometer is provided. The hydrodynamic-type hydraulic dynamometer includes a shaft rotatably mounted by a plurality of bearings, a stator fixed around the shaft and having a toroidal chamber therein, a runner rotatably coupled to the shaft and causing a fluid introduced into the toroidal chamber to flow therethrough, an inner ring mounted to extend inwardly from a radially outer side of the toroidal chamber and having a control slit formed therethrough, and a shutter configured to adjust an opening degree of the control slit.

A measuring device for wave energy conversion performance of a comb-typed permeable breakwater with arcuate walls is provided. The measuring device includes four parts: the comb-type permeable breakwater with arcuate walls, a wave height measuring instrument and pressure sensor fixing and adjusting apparatus, a wave height measuring instrument data collecting and processing apparatus and a pressure sensor data collecting and processing apparatus. The comb-typed permeable breakwater includes combined arc-shaped caissons, partition plates, a back plate, a fixing bottom plate and fixing screws. The wave height measuring instrument data collecting and processing apparatus processes data collected by a wave height measuring instrument and outputs for display. The pressure sensor data collecting and processing apparatus analyzes data collected by a pressure sensor and outputs for display. The measuring device has a stable structure, convenient operation and high experimental accuracy.

A measuring device for wave energy conversion performance of a comb-typed permeable breakwater with arcuate walls is provided. The measuring device includes four parts: the comb-type permeable breakwater with arcuate walls, a wave height measuring instrument and pressure sensor fixing and adjusting apparatus, a wave height measuring instrument data collecting and processing apparatus and a pressure sensor data collecting and processing apparatus. The comb-typed permeable breakwater includes combined arc-shaped caissons, partition plates, a back plate, a fixing bottom plate and fixing screws. The wave height measuring instrument data collecting and processing apparatus processes data collected by a wave height measuring instrument and outputs for display. The pressure sensor data collecting and processing apparatus analyzes data collected by a pressure sensor and outputs for display. The measuring device has a stable structure, convenient operation and high experimental accuracy.

A controller is provided for interactive classification and recognition of an object in a scene using tactile feedback. The controller includes an interface configured to transmit and receive the control, sensor signals from a robot arm, gripper signals from a gripper attached to the robot arm, tactile signals from sensors attached to the gripper and at least one vision sensor, a memory module to store robot control programs, and a classifier and recognition model, and a processor to generate control signals based on the control program and a grasp pose on the object, configured to control the robot arm to grasp the object with the gripper. Further, the processor is configured to compute a tactile feature representation from the tactile sensor signals and to repeat gripping the object and computing a tactile feature representation with the set of grasp poses, after which the processor, processes the ensemble of tactile features to learn a model which is utilized to classify or recognize the object as known or unknown.

A controller is provided for interactive classification and recognition of an object in a scene using tactile feedback. The controller includes an interface configured to transmit and receive the control, sensor signals from a robot arm, gripper signals from a gripper attached to the robot arm, tactile signals from sensors attached to the gripper and at least one vision sensor, a memory module to store robot control programs, and a classifier and recognition model, and a processor to generate control signals based on the control program and a grasp pose on the object, configured to control the robot arm to grasp the object with the gripper. Further, the processor is configured to compute a tactile feature representation from the tactile sensor signals and to repeat gripping the object and computing a tactile feature representation with the set of grasp poses, after which the processor, processes the ensemble of tactile features to learn a model which is utilized to classify or recognize the object as known or unknown.

In an aspect, a pressure sensor for determining pressure in an environment comprises: a source for emitting a coherent reference light characterized by a reference light frequency; a first lock-in mechanism configured to send an electrical signal to the source based on a reference resonance frequency; a reference cavity; wherein the reference cavity is characterized by the reference resonance frequency; a modulator configured a reference light to generate at least a first sideband frequency such that an output of said modulator is a measurement light characterized by at least the first sideband frequency; a frequency synthesizer configured to drive the modulator; a second lock-in mechanism configured to send an electrical signal to the frequency synthesizer based on a measurement resonance frequency; and a measurement cavity configured to receive at least a portion of the measurement light; wherein the measurement cavity is characterized by the measurement resonance frequency; and wherein the pressure of the environment is determined based on the reference resonant frequency and the measurement resonance frequency.