Methods and apparatuses for indicating the presence of a threshold directional differential pressure between separated adjacent spaces. An inclined conduit contains at least one movable element that indicates whether the pressure difference between the two spaces is at least as high as a threshold pressure difference. The apparatus may provide a compact arrangement while allowing the movable element to have a suitable travel path length within the conduit.

A thermally isolated sensor associated with a gas turbine engine includes a sensor probe configured to measure a temperature of a fluid associated with the gas turbine engine, and a base to be coupled to the gas turbine engine. The thermally isolated sensor includes a leading projection coupled to the base that extends into the fluid. The leading projection is configured to be heated by a heat source associated with the gas turbine engine. The thermally isolated sensor includes a trailing projection coupled to the base that extends into the fluid. The trailing projection is downstream from the leading projection. The trailing projection includes an inlet, and the sensor probe is disposed within the inlet and thermally isolated from the leading projection.

An apparatus (20) for measuring internal gas pressure of a coke oven (31) including a guide (24) receiving at least three pressure probes (21,22,23) each connected to a pressure sensor (61,62,63), wherein, said guide (24) has a circular cross section then forming a tubular guide (24). method (70) for manufacturing the apparatus is also provided. A coke oven (31) including at least one hole (301) through which the above apparatus (20) is inserted horizontally such that a front part of each of the three pressure probes (21,22,23) is inside the coke oven (31) and a rear part of each of the three pressure probes (21,22,23) is outside the coke oven (31).

An alternating current AC to direct current DC converting circuit for a turbine generator is provided that comprises an active AC/DC converter having a controllable output voltage level having an input for receiving alternating current electrical power from a turbine generator and an output for providing direct current electrical power to an electrolysis system for electrolysis of water. The AC to DC converter further comprises an oscillator for generating an alternating current auxiliary signal and a summation circuit for adding the alternating current signal to the output of the active AC DC converter. By adding an AC component to the DC output of the active AC DC converter, electrolysis cells in the electrolysis module connected to the AC DC converting circuit have been proven to operate more efficiently. The amplitude of the alternating current auxiliary signal is preferably less than the output voltage of the active AC/DC converter.

A sensor system for determining physical variables of a switchgear assembly having a sensor connection, which is designed for connection to the switchgear assembly, within which a humidity sensor and/or a pressure sensor and a light sensor for detecting light flashes are arranged. A switchgear assembly is provided that is filled, in particular, with a protective gas, comprising at least one such sensor system.

Various methods and systems are provided for a detecting surge of a turbocharger in an engine system. In one example, system includes a turbocharger including a compressor coupled to a turbine and a controller and sensor system configured to detect a surge event of the turbocharger based on at least one of a rate of change of a pressure measured by sensors downstream of the compressor and a measured rate of change of turbine speed, store operational data associated with the surge event in memory of the controller, and determine a performance of the turbocharger based at least in part on one or more of a cumulative number of detected surge events, a magnitude of detected surge events, or associated operational data.

A seal configured to seal a gap between a first component and a second component to at least partially retain a fluid on a first side of the seal in a space between the first component and the second component, the seal including a seal body having a radially outer periphery and a central opening configured to receive the first component or the second component, at least one sensor configured to detect a characteristic of the fluid and an adapter. The at least one sensor is disposed on the adapter, and the adapter has a first portion extending through the seal body at a location spaced from and radially between the radially outer periphery and the central opening and a second portion axially abutting the seal body on the first side of the seal.

A silicon carbide-based micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) combined temperature-pressure sensor chip and a preparation thereof. The chip includes a peripheric pressure-measuring unit and a center temperature-measuring unit. The pressure-measuring unit includes a silicon carbide substrate with a raised island and a pressure sensitive diaphragm formed by etching the back of the substrate. The raised island and the pressure-sensitive diaphragm constitute a membrane-island structure. Four piezoresistive strips are arranged symmetrically along a circumferential direction of a root of the pressure-sensitive diaphragm and between the raised island and the pressure-sensitive diaphragm. The temperature-measuring unit includes the raised island and a thin-film thermocouple arranged thereon.

A semiconductor sensor device is assembled using a lead frame having a flag surrounded by lead fingers. A pressure sensor die is mounted on the flag and electrically connected to the leads. Prior to encapsulation, a pre-formed block of gel material is placed over the sensor region on the die. Encapsulation is performed and mold compound covers the pressure sensor die and the bond wires. Mold compound covering the gel block may be removed. Additionally, a trench may be formed around an upper portion of the gel block so that the lateral sides of the gel block are at least partially exposed.

A resin flow analysis method includes dividing a mold space model into small elements, acquiring a penetration coefficient, acquiring a flow conductance, and performing flow analysis of a resin in each of the small elements in the mold space model based on a first relational expression of the small elements of a base material portion relating to the penetration coefficient and a second relational expression of the small elements of a space portion relating to the flow conductance.