The disclosure describes various aspects of a cryogenic trapped-ion system. In an aspect, a method is described that includes bringing a chain of ions in a trap at a cryogenic temperature, the trap being a micro-fabricated trap, and performing quantum computations, simulations, or both using the chain of ions in the trap at the cryogenic temperature. In another aspect, a method is described that includes establishing a zig-zag ion chain in the cryogenic trapped-ion system, detecting a change in a configuration of the zig-zag ion chain, and determining a measurement of the pressure based on the detection in the change in configuration. In another aspect, a method is described that includes measuring a low frequency vibration, generating a control signal based on the measurement to adjust one or more optical components, and controlling the one or more optical components using the control signal.

A gauge having a housing formed of a polymer material and one or more electrical feedthrough pins disposed in the housing. The electrical feedthrough pins can be oriented substantially perpendicular to each other and have complex shapes.

A gauge having a housing formed of a polymer material and one or more electrical feedthrough pins disposed in the housing. The electrical feedthrough pins can be oriented substantially perpendicular to each other and have complex shapes.

A gauge having a housing formed of a polymer material and one or more electrical feedthrough pins disposed in the housing. The electrical feedthrough pins can be oriented substantially perpendicular to each other and have complex shapes.

A gauge having a housing formed of a polymer material and one or more electrical feedthrough pins disposed in the housing. The electrical feedthrough pins can be oriented substantially perpendicular to each other and have complex shapes.

A cold cathode ionization gauge includes multiple cathodes providing different spacings between the cathodes and an anode. The multiple cathodes allow for pressure measurements over wider ranges of pressure. A first cathode with a larger spacing may provide current based on Townsend discharge; whereas, a second cathode having a smaller spacing may provide current based on both Townsend discharge at higher pressures and on Paschen's Law discharge at still higher pressures. A feature on the second cathode may support Paschen's Law discharge. Large resistances between the cathodes and a return to power supply enable control of output profiles to extend the pressure ranges with accurate responses and avoid output minima. Pressure measurements may be made based on currents from respective cathodes dependent on the outputs of the cathodes through the wide pressure range of measurement. The multiple cathodes may also provide measurements that avoid the discontinuities found in current outputs of the respective cathodes.

Described herein is an apparatus that includes a varactor and an inductor to form a resonant circuit that oscillates at a resonant frequency. The resonant frequency is a function of a pressure of a gas within an aperture of the varactor. In some embodiment, the varactor includes a first layer of p-type material, a first layer of n-type material, and a first np junction formed between the layer of p-type material and the layer of n-type material. The aperture extends at least partially through the layer of p-type material, at least partially through the layer of n-type material, and entirely through the np junction.

In order to provide a vacuum monitor that, even if a sensing mechanism is exposed to an atmosphere into which various types of material gases are introduced, enables the deposition of matter on the sensing mechanism to be prevented, and enables the lifespan of the sensing mechanism to be extended, there are provided a sensing mechanism that is in contact with an atmosphere inside a measurement space, and outputs an output signal that corresponds to a pressure inside this measurement space, and a heater that adjusts a temperature of the sensing mechanism, wherein a set temperature of the heater is adjustable.

Chamber (11, 12, 13) for bounding a plasma generation area (42) in a vacuum pressure sensor (40), wherein the chamber comprises an electrically conductive casing element (1, 1, 1) located radially on the outside relative to a central axis, wherein the chamber comprises electrically conductive wall elements (2, 2, 2) arranged substantially perpendicular to the central axis and connected to the casing element, wherein at least one of the wall elements has a first opening (3), through which the central axis extends, wherein the casing element comprises at least a first (B1) and a second region (B2), wherein the first region is located closer to the central axis than the second region. The invention further relates to a vacuum pressure sensor comprising the chamber.

Chamber (11, 12, 13) for bounding a plasma generation area (42) in a vacuum pressure sensor (40), wherein the chamber comprises an electrically conductive casing element (1, 1, 1) located radially on the outside relative to a central axis, wherein the chamber comprises electrically conductive wall elements (2, 2, 2) arranged substantially perpendicular to the central axis and connected to the casing element, wherein at least one of the wall elements has a first opening (3), through which the central axis extends, wherein the casing element comprises at least a first (B1) and a second region (B2), wherein the first region is located closer to the central axis than the second region. The invention further relates to a vacuum pressure sensor comprising the chamber.