A system includes a plurality of movable members and an electromagnetic wave probe disposed within at least one movable member among the plurality of movable members. The actuation system is coupled to the plurality of movable members. The actuation system is configured to actuate and removably position the plurality of movable members to form a wave guide around at least a portion of an outer peripheral surface of the pipe assembly and position the electromagnetic wave probe proximate to the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the pipe assembly.

A plate heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger plate having a heat transfer area and an edge area, extending around the heat transfer area. The heat exchanger plate is a double wall plate formed by two adjoining plates compressed to be in contact with each other. A sensor configured to sense at least one parameter and to produce a signal depending on the parameter includes a sensor probe that is provided between the adjoining plates.

A plate heat exchanger includes a heat exchanger plate having a heat transfer area and an edge area, extending around the heat transfer area. The heat exchanger plate is a double wall plate formed by two adjoining plates compressed to be in contact with each other. A sensor configured to sense at least one parameter and to produce a signal depending on the parameter includes a sensor probe that is provided between the adjoining plates.

In some embodiments, apparatus and methods are provided herein useful to monitor surfaces of vessels. In some embodiments, apparatus for monitoring surfaces of vessels and may include a substrate disposed proximate to the surface. By one approach, a Wheatstone bridge circuit is affixed to the substrate and comprises a sampling resistor configured to undergo a predetermined binding event. The sampling resistor comprises a conductive composition that includes fully exfoliated single sheets of graphene and is configured to undergo a conductivity change as a result of the predetermined binding event. The conductivity change corresponds to a change in an ambient environment of the surface. The sampling resistor is configured to undergo a resistivity change as a result of the predetermined binding event. The apparatus is configured to be disposed proximate to the surface.

A flexible sheet-type leak sensor device according to the present invention comprises: a flexible base sheet made of a non-conductive fluorine-based synthetic resin comprising ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE); conductive lines formed on a surface of the base sheet so as to have a predetermined pattern and so as not to meet or cross each other, the conductive lines being formed by depositing on the base sheet surface a carbon black-containing, conductive fluorine-based synthetic resin comprising ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE); and a conductive material composed of pure carbon black, formed at the bottom of the conductive lines.

A flexible sheet-type leak sensor device according to the present invention comprises: a flexible base sheet made of a non-conductive fluorine-based synthetic resin comprising ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE); conductive lines formed on a surface of the base sheet so as to have a predetermined pattern and so as not to meet or cross each other, the conductive lines being formed by depositing on the base sheet surface a carbon black-containing, conductive fluorine-based synthetic resin comprising ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE); and a conductive material composed of pure carbon black, formed at the bottom of the conductive lines.

A complete decreased mistake-proof high-reliability waterproofing system is revealed that integrates the waterproofing membrane, drain panel, and abrasion-protected filter fabric, using a factory-controlled process; furthermore, the system incorporates intrinsic devices for installation verification and leak-detection, and the potential for in situ mapping of the functional topography of the waterproofing installation over time.

The invention relates to a simplified method for detecting leaks on a non-rigid test specimen, comprising the steps of: introducing the test specimen into a film chamber, lowering the pressure in the film chamber outside of said test specimen, and detecting a leak in the test specimen on the basis of a spatial change in the film of said film chamber.

The invention relates to a simplified method for detecting leaks on a non-rigid test specimen, comprising the steps of: introducing the test specimen into a film chamber, lowering the pressure in the film chamber outside of said test specimen, and detecting a leak in the test specimen on the basis of a spatial change in the film of said film chamber.

A method and a device for detecting defects in a packaging laminate having at least one conductive layer are provided. The method comprises the steps of grounding the conductive layer of the packaging laminate, arranging an electrode adjacent to the packaging laminate, applying a high voltage to the electrode by ramping the voltage from an initial value towards an upper predetermined value, and detecting a defect in the packaging material by registering dielectric breakdown between the electrode and the conductive layer of the packaging laminate.