A flow test machine 2 which, for example, is able to be used for viscosity tests on plastics, comprises a test piston 4, a test channel 38, at least one test weight 72 and a drive unit 92. The test piston 4 is able to move through the test channel 38 by means of a weight force 79 of the test weight 72. The test weight 72 is able to be loaded by an actuating additional force 108, 108′ by means of the drive unit 92 between a starting position 151 and an end position. The actuating additional force 108 enables a movement of the test piston 4 in the direction of the weight force 79, said movement being accelerated in comparison with an effect of the weight force 79. In a melt viscosity test, after a heating step, a thermoplastic plastic is pressed through a test channel 38 by a test piston 4. In a measurement preparation step and/or a cleaning step, the test mass is lowered along a weight force direction 79 under the influence of an actuating additional force 108, 108′. In a method for cleaning, a cleaning step is undertaken by means of an actuating additional force 108, 108′ from the drive unit 92, said drive unit 92 serving to drive a test piston movement during a melt viscosity test.

Provided are epithelial cell spheroids including spheroids that have apical membranes and cilia that face towards the interior core of the spheroid and spheroids that have apical membranes and cilia that face away from the interior core of the spheroid. Also provided methods of making and using such spheroids.

A Stein Hall cup for measuring the viscosity of a starch adhesive is automated to provide viscosity measurement in real time using a PLC or other data gathering and control processor. Temperature of the adhesive is measured concurrently with viscosity and temperature signals are processed with the timed viscosity signal to provide a temperature compensated value of starch viscosity.

Proposed is a flow sensor (10), in particular for single use, having at least three measurement chambers (11, 15, 19), which are arranged one behind the other and are interconnected in each case by a flow resistance. At least two of the flow resistances have a different coefficient of pressure loss. A pressure measuring means (12, 16, 20) is provided for each measurement chamber, which pressure measuring means (12, 16, 20) is suitable for measuring the pressure in the measurement chamber. An electromagnetically actuatable valve arrangement (50) can be connected downstream of the flow sensor.

Proposed is a flow sensor (10), in particular for single use, having at least three measurement chambers (11, 15, 19), which are arranged one behind the other and are interconnected in each case by a flow resistance. At least two of the flow resistances have a different coefficient of pressure loss. A pressure measuring means (12, 16, 20) is provided for each measurement chamber, which pressure measuring means (12, 16, 20) is suitable for measuring the pressure in the measurement chamber. An electromagnetically actuatable valve arrangement (50) can be connected downstream of the flow sensor.

Apparatus include a test cell body having a first exterior surface, a second exterior surface, a cavity extending between the first exterior surface and the second exterior surface, and a first textured wetted plate and a second textured wetted plate disposed within the cavity. A fluid flow gap is defined between the first textured wetted plate and the second textured wetted plate. An illuminator is disposed between the second textured wetted plate and the second exterior surface, and a viewing window formed within the first exterior surface. The first textured wetted plate and the second textured wetted plate may be transparent.

Exemplary apparatus and methods are provided for analyzing a medium. The apparatus, which may be a diffusing wave spectroscopy apparatus, comprises a first beam splitter for splitting a light from the laser light source into an excitation light and a reference light. The excitation light is directed on to a first portion of the medium and then multiply scattered light is collected at a second portion of the medium, the second portion being different from the first portion. The reference light, which has been attenuated, is combined with the multiply scattered light and either a power spectrum or an autocorrelation function is calculated.

Exemplary apparatus and methods are provided for analyzing a medium. The apparatus, which may be a diffusing wave spectroscopy apparatus, comprises a first beam splitter for splitting a light from the laser light source into an excitation light and a reference light. The excitation light is directed on to a first portion of the medium and then multiply scattered light is collected at a second portion of the medium, the second portion being different from the first portion. The reference light, which has been attenuated, is combined with the multiply scattered light and either a power spectrum or an autocorrelation function is calculated.

This invention relates to a method of inducing fluid flow in a passive capillarity filled microfluidic device involving the use of a dual flow control reagent system, wherein the first flow control reagent is a surfactant which reduces surface tension of an aqueous fluid sample and the second flow control reagent is a viscosity enhancer.

This invention relates to a method of inducing fluid flow in a passive capillarity filled microfluidic device involving the use of a dual flow control reagent system, wherein the first flow control reagent is a surfactant which reduces surface tension of an aqueous fluid sample and the second flow control reagent is a viscosity enhancer.