The invention relates to a diffusive gradient in thin-films device comprising a casing (2) comprising a first portion and a second portion defining therebetween a housing (3) for accommodating at least one component-diffusing layer (4), said component coming from an environment exterior to the device. According to the invention, the casing includes at least two orifices (6, 7) ensuring the exposure of the diffusion layer to the exterior of the device. The invention also relates to an apparatus for developing a diffusive gradient in thin-films device comprising such a device.

Apparatuses and methods of measuring a hydrogen diffusivity of a metal structure including during operation of the metal structure, are provided. A hydrogen charging surface is provided at a first location on an external surface of the structure. In addition, a hydrogen oxidation surface is provided at a second location adjacent to the first location on the external surface of the structure. Hydrogen flux is generated and directed into the metal surface at the charging surface. At least a portion of the hydrogen flux generated by the charging surface is diverted back toward the surface. A transient of the diverted hydrogen fluxes measured, and this measurement is used to determine the hydrogen diffusivity of the metal structure in service.

Systems and methods for analyzing a diffusion trend of a diffusible substance. The systems may obtain a plurality of sets of reference information relating to the diffusible substance from a plurality of devices respectively, each of the plurality of sets of reference information at least including a time point when a corresponding device detects the diffusible substance and a location where the device detects the diffusible substance. The plurality of sets of reference information may correspond to a same or a substantially same time domain. The systems may determine the diffusion trend of the diffusible substance based on the plurality of sets reference information.

The present invention relates to a multi-phase liquid composition including: a first aqueous phase; a second aqueous phase; a lipid bilayer; and an organic phase, a device for measuring the permeability of drugs including the multi-phase liquid composition, and a method for measuring the permeability of drugs.

The present invention relates to a method for measuring metal ion permeability of a polymer film, comprising the steps of applying a voltage to the polymer film, while at least one side of the polymer film is brought into contact with an electrolyte comprising metal ions, an organic solvent and an aqueous solvent; and measuring the change rate of resistance or change rate of current of the polymer film according to time, after the voltage is applied, and a device for measuring metal ion permeability of a polymer film used therefor.

A device and a method for in situ penetration measurement of gas transport parameters in an unsaturated soil layer. The device mainly consists of a gas supply system, a gas concentration display recorder, a gas pressure display recorder, a sleeve, a gas concentration sensor, a gas pressure sensor, a porous gas-permeable tube and a conical penetration head. The gas diffusion coefficient and permeability coefficient of the unsaturated soil can be obtained by only measuring the gas pressure value, the gas concentration value and the corresponding gas flow value of an unsaturated soil layer at a depth required to be tested, and substituting same into calculation formulae of the gas diffusion coefficient and permeability coefficient. The testing process of the method is simple and fast, and is low in cost, simple in operation and convenient in calculation.

The invention discloses a natural gas diffusion coefficient measurement auxiliary device based on a hand-operated lifting device, comprising a core chamber, a bracket, a core preservation device, and a hand-operated lifting device; the left side of the core chamber is connected with a methane measuring chamber, and the right side of the core chamber is connected with a nitrogen measuring chamber; a rotatable bracket is installed on the lower left side of the core chamber, and the lower right side of the core chamber is connected with the hand-operated lifting device; the core chamber is rotated by the hand-operated lifting device with the support as the center; a horizontal platform at the lower part of the core chamber is provided with a revolving door that can accommodate the left end of the core chamber; a core preservation device is installed at the lower part of the revolving door. The invention has a simple structure, which greatly reduces the time required to load the core during natural gas diffusion coefficient measurement, and can effectively prevent the core from breaking and the rubber sleeve from being damaged.

A method for determining the diffusion radius of in-situ injection and remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater. According to the triangle method, the hole spacing is perpendicular to the groundwater flow direction, the row spacing is along the groundwater flow direction, and the flow diffusion in the groundwater during the effective time of the remediation agent reaction is considered. Under high pressure rotary injection, the remediation agent and a certain proportion of bromide ions are simultaneously injected into the aquifer as a tracer. The diffusion of the agent is determined by observing the phenomenon of slurry-returning and slurry-channeling of adjacent injection points. After the completion of the injection, the groundwater is quickly sampled in fixed depth, the tracer concentration is quickly detected on site, and the concentration of bromide ions in the groundwater is compared with the background value. Comprehensive determination determines the optimal diffusion radius.

This application discloses a method of using an apparatus comprising a processor to determine a diffusion coefficient (D) of a solute in a solution flowing in a capillary. The method includes obtaining a first signal comprising a plurality of measurements of solute concentration measured at a first measurement location corresponding with a first mean measurement time that is before a full dispersion condition is met; obtaining a second signal comprising a plurality of measurements of solute concentration measured at a second measurement location corresponding with a second mean measurement time that is after the first mean measurement time and before a full dispersion condition is met; calculating an actual front height ratio; a convection front height ratio; and a proportion of the solute that dispersed between the first mean measurement time and the second mean measurement time.

The present invention relates to an acceptor chamber for a Franz diffusion cell, comprising an upper opening closable by a membrane and, on the side wall of the acceptor chamber, an upper and a lower outlet opening designed to remove or add liquid medium from the acceptor chamber, the upper outlet opening being located within the upper two thirds of the side wall and the lower outlet opening is located in the lower quarter of the side wall, the upper and lower outlet openings being substantially opposite each other, to a Franz diffusion cell comprising a donor compartment and such an acceptor chamber, the donor compartment and the acceptor chamber being separated from each other by a membrane, and to a method for determining the diffusion of a substance through a membrane with such a Franz diffusion cell.