A method for processing a substrate by using fluid flowing through a particle detector is provided. The particle detector is utilized to detect nano-particles contained in fluid. The particle detector includes a substrate and a pair of sensing electrodes disposed on the substrate. The substrate includes nano-pores, wherein the pore size of the nano-pores is greater than the particle size of the nano-particles, allowing the nano-particles contained in the fluid passing through the nano-pores. The pair of sensing electrodes are positioned adjacent to at least one of the nano-pores.

A method and a device for measuring light field distribution are provided; including steps of utilizing the optical trap to stably levitating particles, moving the optical trap to bring the particles close to the light field to be measured, and utilizing the photodetector to collect the scattered light signals of the particles at different positions in the three-dimensional space of the light field to be measured, and calculating the light field distribution of the light field to be measured according to the scattered light intensity which is proportional to the light intensity at that position. The device for measuring the optical field distribution includes a laser, an optical trapping path, particles, a photodetector, a control system and an upper computer; the laser emits a laser, passes through the optical trapping path, and emits highly focused captured light B to form an V optical trap to capture particles.

An apparatus for trapping and sensing nanoparticles using plasmonic nanopores, comprising a conductive transparent layer, a conductive film layer mounted to a substrate, the film layer comprising a plurality of nanopores for trapping nanoparticles contained in a fluid situated between the conductive transparent layer and the conductive film layer, and an electric field source connected between the transparent layer and the film layer.

A system for detecting particles, including: a first device to measure concentration of particles, including an electrometer measuring device coupled to a charger and/or to an optical particle counter; a second device to measure concentration of particles, including a condensation nuclei counter; a calculation unit configured to calculate a ratio and/or a difference between a first measurement of the particle concentration in an airflow, to be performed by the first measurement device, and a second measurement of the particle concentration in an airflow, to be performed by the second measurement device, and configured to provide a comparison between the ratio and/or the difference between the first and second measurements and a threshold value to determine presence of particles of interest other than ambient air particles.

An a system and method for chaos transfer between multiple detuned signals in a resonator mediated by chaotic mechanical oscillation induced stochastic resonance where at least one signal is strong and where at least one signal is weak and where the strong and weak signal follow the same route, from periodic oscillations to quasi-periodic and finally to chaotic oscillations, as the strong signal power is increased.

A device for characterizing particles dispersed in a liquid medium includes a fibered light emission source, a fibered optical detector, and a measurement probe intended to be hermetically submerged in the liquid medium. The measurement probe includes: a confinement tube intended to pass through at least one wall of the probe in a sealed manner and suitable for receiving a sample of the liquid medium, as well as an optical measurement head including a focusing optics for the focusing of an illumination light beam in the confinement tube and a collection optics for the collection toward the optical detector of a beam of light backscattered by the dispersed particles. The characterization device also includes a processing unit suitable for the characterization of the particles based on the backscattered-light beam.

A system and method for providing fertilizer for crop production in an aqueous solution comprising nano-sized fertilizer particles, which are free of any chemical side chain and free any micelle to protect the nano-sized particle from re-agglomeration, suspended therein for improved uptake by the population of the crop.

Disclosed is a method for detecting nano-particles, comprising the steps of (1) compressing a sample liquid to be tested into a sample liquid flow by hydrodynamic focusing using a sheath fluid; (2) irradiating a measuring light to the sample liquid flow, wherein a single nano-particle in the sample liquid flow is irradiated by the measuring light for a duration of 0.1-10 milliseconds; (3) defining the area in which the measuring light irradiates the sample liquid flow as a detecting area, and collecting light signals emitted from the area irradiated by the measuring light by a lens imaging system, and allowing the light signals collected by the lens imaging system to pass a field stop, so as to filter out the light signals outside the detecting area and enrich the light signals from the detecting area; and (4) subjecting the light signals enriched by the field stop to optoelectronic signal conversion. The method can achieve detection for nano-particles with a low refractive index and a particle size of 24-1000 nm as well as nano-scale gold particles with a particle size of 6.7-150 nm.

This disclosure relates to the use of size exclusion chromatography and/or size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering technology to characterize viral particles such as adeno-associated virus and lentivirus particles. The disclosed methods are also useful for estimating the titer of viral particles, determining the integrity of the viral particles and estimating the amount of DNA encapsidated in the viral particle.

Provided herein is a particle analyzer that is operably connected to a probe unit that is capable of both dislodging particles from a surface and sampling the particles after they have been dislodged. The devices and methods described herein may be lightweight and/or handheld, for example, so that they may be used within a cleanroom environment to clean and sample permanent surfaces and tools. The devices may include optical particle counters that use scattered, obscured or emitted light to detect particles, including condensation particle counting systems or split detection optical particle counters to increase the sensitivity of the device and thereby facilitate detection of smaller particles, while avoiding the increased complexity typically required for the detection of nanoscale particles, such as particles less than 100 nm in effective diameter.