A system and corresponding method for electron cryomicroscopy, comprising: a field-emission gun for generating an electron beam, the field-emission gun being energized, in use, to generate a 80 keV to 120 keV electron beam which is emitted into a vacuum enclosure and towards a specimen holder; the vacuum enclosure containing, at least in part: an objective lens for focusing an image of the specimen, the objective lens being disposed in the path of the electron beam and having a chromatic aberration coefficient, Cc, selected to achieve a resolution value better than a desired amount; the specimen holder for holding a specimen, the specimen holder being disposed in the path of the electron beam; a cryostage for cooling a specimen; a cryo-shield for surrounding a specimen and reducing an ice contamination rate of the specimen; and a direct electron detector comprising an array of pixels, each pixel capable of detecting an incident electron that has passed through a sample and struck the pixel.

Provided herein are systems and methods for generating a plurality of different monoenergetic neutron energies using a plurality of interchangeable ion beam targets. In certain embodiments, each of the plurality of ion beam targets is configured to generate a monoenergetic energy value that is at least 100 kiloelectron volts (keV) different from the other ion beam targets. In some embodiments, the ion beam targets are composed of LiF, TiT.sub.1-2, ErD.sub.1.5, ErT, or Li.

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for measuring submerged surfaces. Embodiments include a measurement apparatus including a main frame, a source positioned outside a pipe and connected to the main frame, and a detector positioned outside the pipe at a location diametrically opposite the source and connected to the main frame. The source may transmit a first amount of radiation. The detector may receive a second amount of radiation, determine a composition of the pipe based on the first and second amounts of radiation, and send at least one measurement signal. A control canister positioned on the main frame or on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) attached to the apparatus may receive the at least one measurement signal from the detector and convey the at least one measurement signal to software located topside.

The present disclosure provides systems, apparatuses, and methods for measuring submerged surfaces. Embodiments include a measurement apparatus including a main frame, a source positioned outside a pipe and connected to the main frame, and a detector positioned outside the pipe at a location diametrically opposite the source and connected to the main frame. The source may transmit a first amount of radiation. The detector may receive a second amount of radiation, determine a composition of the pipe based on the first and second amounts of radiation, and send at least one measurement signal. A control canister positioned on the main frame or on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) attached to the apparatus may receive the at least one measurement signal from the detector and convey the at least one measurement signal to software located topside.

A fluid sampler includes: a sample cell that includes: a substrate comprising: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; a viewing reservoir in fluid communication with the first port and the second port and that receives the fluid from the first port and communicates the fluid to the second port, the viewing reservoir including: a first view membrane; a second view membrane; and a pillar interposed between the first view membrane and second view membrane, the pillar separating the first view membrane from the second view membrane at a substantially constant separation distance such that a volume of the viewing reservoir is substantially constant and invariable with respect to a temperature and invariable with respect to a pressure to which the sample cell is subjected.

A fluid sampler includes: a sample cell that includes: a substrate comprising: a first port; a second port in fluid communication with the first port; a viewing reservoir in fluid communication with the first port and the second port and that receives the fluid from the first port and communicates the fluid to the second port, the viewing reservoir including: a first view membrane; a second view membrane; and a pillar interposed between the first view membrane and second view membrane, the pillar separating the first view membrane from the second view membrane at a substantially constant separation distance such that a volume of the viewing reservoir is substantially constant and invariable with respect to a temperature and invariable with respect to a pressure to which the sample cell is subjected.

An irradiation target is formed into a sphere. The spherical irradiation target can be iridium metal containing natural or enriched iridium. The radiation source can be manufactured by manufacturing a spherical irradiation target, accommodating the spherical irradiation target in a rotating capsule, and rotating an axial flow impeller by a downward flow of a reactor primary coolant, whereby the rotating capsule is rotated. This radiation source provides an improved nondestructive inspection image having a high geometric resolution, and has no radiation source anisotropy and also has high target recyclability.

The invention relates to non-destructive imaging of the internal structure for safe and intuitive operator work. In the context of the invented method, electronic scanning first creates a virtual image of the surface of the object (5) whose internal structure is the subject of research. Part of the surface of the object (5) and the angle of scanning are set by voice or by movement of the operator's body (9). The virtual image of the surface of the object (5) is subsequently projected in the stereoscopic glasses (7), followed by creation of the virtual image of the internal structure of the object (5) for the same angle of scanning. The virtual image of the internal structure is projected in the virtual image of the surface of the object (5), or replaces the virtual image of the object (5).

A vehicle mounted mobile container or vehicle inspection system, including: a radiation source, a movable vehicle for carrying the inspection system, and a detector arm rack which has a horizontal arm and a vertical arm, a first end of the horizontal arm is connected to the vehicle and a second end thereof is connected to an end of the vertical arm. The horizontal arm and the vertical arm are connected by a pivotal connecting device such that the vertical arm may pivot in a vertical plane, and the horizontal arm and the vertical arm may be retracted in a same horizontal plane. The novel arm rack construction may reduce the space occupied by it on top of the scanning vehicle after the arm rack is stowed so as to reduce the eight of the scanning vehicle under running condition.

The present invention discloses A vehicle dragging system, comprising a first dragging means and a second dragging means, which are sequentially arranged along a vehicle dragging direction, wherein in the vehicle dragging direction, the first dragging means is arranged at the upstream of the second dragging means, and a separating section is arranged between the first dragging means and the second dragging means, so that the first dragging means is separated from the second dragging means by a preset distance in the vehicle dragging direction, wherein the first dragging means comprises a first supporting plate, a first elongated traction element and a first pushing element connected with the first elongated traction element, and the first pushing element is adapted to move around the first supporting plate for pushing wheels to move along the first supporting plate, in order to drive a vehicle to advance; the second dragging means comprises a second supporting plate, a second elongated traction element and a second pushing element connected with the second elongated traction element, and the second pushing element is adapted to move along the second supporting plate for pushing wheels to move along the second supporting plate, in order to drive the vehicle to advance.